It had long been considered that no new neurons are generated in the primate brain beyond birth, but recent studies have indicated that neurogenesis persists in various locations throughout the lifespan. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is of particular interest due to the postulated role played by neurogenesis in memory. However, studies investigating the presence of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) have reported contradictory findings, and no systematic review of the evidence has been conducted to date. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO on 27^th June 2023 for studies on hippocampal neurogenesis in adult primates, excluding review papers. Screening, quality assessment and data extraction was done by independent co-raters. We synthesised evidence from 112 relevant papers. We found robust evidence, primarily supported by immunohistochemical examination of tissue samples and neuroimaging, for newly generated neurons, first detected in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, that mature over time and migrate to the granule cell layer, where they become functionally integrated with surrounding neuronal networks. AHN has been repeatedly observed in both humans and other primates and gradually diminishes with age. Transient increases in AHN are observed following acute insults such as stroke and epileptic seizures, and following electroconvulsive therapy, and AHN is diminished in neurodegenerative conditions. Markers of AHN correlate positively with measures of learning and short-term memory, but associations with antidepressant use and mood states are weaker. Heterogeneous outcome measures limited quantitative syntheses. Further research should better characterise the neuropsychological function of neurogenesis in healthy subjects.

长期以来，人们一直认为灵长类动物的大脑在出生后不会产生新的神经元，但最近的研究表明，神经发生在整个生命周期中持续存在于不同位置。海马体的齿状回特别有趣，因为神经发生在记忆中起着假定的作用。然而，调查成人海马神经发生 （AHN） 存在的研究报告了相互矛盾的结果，迄今为止尚未对证据进行系统评价。我们于 2023^{年 6} 月 27 日检索了 MEDLINE、Embase 和 PsycINFO 以查找成年灵长类动物海马神经发生的研究，不包括综述论文。筛选、质量评估和数据提取由独立的共同评分者完成。我们综合了 112 篇相关论文的证据。我们发现了强有力的证据，主要由组织样本的免疫组织化学检查和神经影像学支持，新生成的神经元首先在齿状回的颗粒区检测到，这些神经元随着时间的推移而成熟并迁移到颗粒细胞层，在那里它们在功能上与周围的神经元网络整合。AHN 在人类和其他灵长类动物中反复观察到，并随着年龄的增长而逐渐减弱。在急性损伤（如中风和癫痫发作）后以及电休克治疗后观察到 AHN 的短暂增加，并且在神经退行性疾病中 AHN 降低。AHN 标志物与学习和短期记忆的测量呈正相关，但与抗抑郁药使用和情绪状态的相关性较弱。异质性结局测量限制了定量综合。进一步的研究应该更好地描述健康受试者神经发生的神经心理学功能。