The recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed a larger number of bright galaxies at z ≳ 10 than was expected. The origin of this excess is still under debate, although several possibilities have been presented. We propose that gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are a powerful probe to explore the origin of the excess and, hence, the star and galaxy formation histories in the early universe. Focusing on the recently launched mission, Einstein Probe (EP), we find that EP can detect several GRBs annually at z ≳ 10, assuming the GRB formation rate calibrated by events at z ≲ 6 can be extrapolated. Interestingly, depending on the excess scenarios, the GRB event rate may also show an excess at z ≃ 10, and its detection will help to discriminate between the scenarios that are otherwise difficult to distinguish. Additionally, we discuss that the puzzling, red-color, compact galaxies discovered by JWST, the so-called “little red dots,” could host dark GRBs if they are dust-obscured star-forming galaxies. We are eager for unbiased follow-up of GRBs and encourage future missions such as HiZ-GUNDAM to explore the early universe.

中文翻译：

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探究 JWST 通过伽马射线暴发现的恒星形成过剩的起源


詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜 （JWST） 最近的观测显示，z ≳ 10 处的明亮星系数量比预期的要多。这种过剩的来源仍在争论中，尽管已经提出了几种可能性。我们提出伽马射线暴 （GRB） 是探索过量起源的强大探测器，从而探索早期宇宙中恒星和星系的形成历史。专注于最近发射的任务，爱因斯坦探测器 （EP），我们发现 EP 每年可以在 z ≳ 10 检测到多个 GRB，假设可以推断出由 z ≲ 6 事件校准的 GRB 形成速率。有趣的是，根据超额情况，GRB 事件率也可能在 z ≃ 10 处显示超额，它的检测将有助于区分原本难以区分的场景。此外，我们还讨论了 JWST 发现的令人费解的红色致密星系，即所谓的“小红点”，如果它们是被尘埃遮蔽的恒星形成星系，那么它们可能拥有暗 GRB。我们期待对 GRB 进行公正的跟进，并鼓励未来的任务，例如 HiZ-GUNDAM 探索早期宇宙。