Aims

Infections with soil-borne pathogens have considerable detrimental effects on asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) growth and production, notably caused by the Fusarium species F. oxysporum f.sp. asparagi, F. proliferatum, and F. redolens. To get insight into the systemic effects of fungal infection on plant physiology to identify candidate resistance traits, we investigated this interaction using a multi omics approach.

Methods

Asparagus plants were inoculated with one of the three Fusarium species. After 8 weeks, basal stem parts were harvested and subjected to metabolome and proteome analysis as well as detection of fungal DNA.

Results

Upon infection, the pathogen spreads systemically from the root to the shoot and, consequently, fungal DNA and mycotoxins were detected in the basal part of the plant stem. Metabolite data revealed that the main pathway affected by Fusarium infections was “Fatty acids”, specifically the superclasses “Glycerophospholipids”, “Glycerolipids” and “Sphingolipids” being lower abundant upon infection. Another main pathway identified in the analysis was “Shikimates and Phenylpropanoids” with compounds assigned to these classes being mainly enriched upon infection. Proteome data revealed an induction of pathogen-defense proteins upon infection in asparagus, while proteins involved in vesicle trafficking and lipid metabolism were lower abundant.

Conclusions

This indicates that not only lipid-based signaling processes are distorted by Fusarium, but also fundamental processes such as vesicle formation, membrane integrity and cell wall organization. In planta proteome analysis of F. oxysporum led to the identification of 1,488 fungal proteins, including proteins involved in metabolic and cellular processes as well as putative virulence factors.

中文翻译：

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代谢组学和双蛋白质组学确定了镰刀菌感染后芦笋芽中受影响的主要途径的对比模式

 目标

土壤传播病原体的感染对芦笋 （Asparagus officinalis） 的生长和生产有相当大的不利影响，特别是由镰刀菌属 F. oxysporum f.sp. 引起。asparagi， F. proliferatum 和 F. redolens。为了深入了解真菌感染对植物生理学的全身影响以确定候选抗性状，我们使用多组学方法研究了这种相互作用。

 方法

芦笋植物接种了三种镰刀菌物种中的一种。8 周后，收获基部茎部分并进行代谢组和蛋白质组分析以及真菌 DNA 检测。

 结果

感染后，病原体从根部内吸性传播到芽部，因此，在植物茎的基部检测到真菌 DNA 和霉菌毒素。代谢物数据显示，受镰刀菌感染影响的主要途径是“脂肪酸”，特别是“甘油磷脂”、“甘油脂”和“鞘脂”等超类在感染后丰度较低。分析中确定的另一个主要途径是“莽草酸盐和苯丙素”，分配给这些类别的化合物主要在感染时富集。蛋白质组数据显示芦笋感染后会诱导病原体防御蛋白，而参与囊泡运输和脂质代谢的蛋白质丰度较低。

 结论

这表明，不仅基于脂质的信号传导过程被镰刀菌扭曲，囊泡形成、膜完整性和细胞壁组织等基本过程也被扭曲。在植物蛋白质组中，尖孢镰刀菌的蛋白质组分析导致鉴定了 1,488 种真菌蛋白，包括参与代谢和细胞过程的蛋白质以及推定的毒力因子。