Nature Communications ( IF 14.7 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-19 , DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53110-x Dakota E. McCoy, Dale H. Burns, Elissa Klopfer, Liam K. Herndon, Babatunde Ogunlade, Jennifer A. Dionne, Sönke Johnsen
Many animals convergently evolved photosynthetic symbioses. In bivalves, giant clams (Cardiidae: Tridacninae) gape open to irradiate their symbionts, but heart cockles (Cardiidae: Fraginae) stay closed because sunlight passes through transparent windows in their shells. Here, we show that heart cockles (Corculum cardissa and spp.) use biophotonic adaptations to transmit sunlight for photosynthesis. Heart cockles transmit 11–62% of photosynthetically active radiation (mean = 31%) but only 5–28% of potentially harmful UV radiation (mean = 14%) to their symbionts. Beneath each window, microlenses condense light to penetrate more deeply into the symbiont-rich tissue. Within each window, aragonite forms narrow fibrous prisms perpendicular to the surface. These bundled “fiber optic cables” project images through the shell with a resolution of >100 lines/mm. Parameter sweeps show that the aragonite fibers’ size (~1 µm diameter), morphology (long fibers rather than plates), and orientation (along the optical c-axis) transmit more light than many other possible designs. Heart cockle shell windows are thus: (i) the first instance of fiber optic cable bundles in an organism to our knowledge; (ii) a second evolution, with epidermal cells in angiosperm plants, of condensing lenses for photosynthesis; and (iii) a photonic system that efficiently transmits useful light while protecting photosymbionts from UV radiation.
中文翻译:
心蛤壳使用成束的光纤电缆和聚光透镜将阳光传输到光共生藻类
许多动物趋同进化出光合共生体。在双壳类动物中,巨蛤 (Cardiidae: Tridacninae) 张开大口照射它们的共生体,但心蛤 (Cardiidae: Fraginae) 保持闭合,因为阳光穿过它们壳中的透明窗户。在这里,我们展示了心蛤 (Corculum cardissa 和 spp.) 使用生物光子适应来传输阳光进行光合作用。心蛤将 11-62% 的光合有效辐射(平均值 = 31%)传输给它们的共生体,但只有 5-28% 的潜在有害紫外线辐射(平均值 = 14%)传输到它们的共生体。在每个窗口下方,微透镜会聚光,以更深入地渗透到富含共生体的组织中。在每个窗口内,文石形成垂直于表面的狭窄纤维棱柱。这些捆绑的“光纤电缆”通过外壳投影图像,分辨率为 >100 线/毫米。参数扫描表明,文石光纤的尺寸(直径 ~1 μm)、形态(长纤维而不是板)和方向(沿光学 c 轴)比许多其他可能的设计透射更多的光。因此,心形鸟蛤壳窗是:(i) 据我们所知,光缆束在生物体中的第一个实例;(ii) 被子植物中的表皮细胞用于光合作用的冷凝透镜的第二次进化;(iii) 一种光子系统,可有效传输有用的光,同时保护光共生体免受紫外线辐射。