The integration of renewable energy sources has led to notable supply-demand imbalances due to their intermittent nature. Air-conditioning systems, as significant energy consumers with considerable flexibility, play a crucial role in integrating renewable energy and regulating power systems. This paper delves into the capability of air-conditioning systems in airports to flexibly adjust, particularly examining how varying cooling loads impact indoor temperatures. The energy flexibility of the air-conditioning system is evaluated based on three fundamental cooling load variations (incremental, translational, and discrete), and several evaluation parameters are defined. For areas with smaller cooling load fluctuations, there is a greater adjustment margin, but long adjustment periods should be avoided. For areas with larger fluctuations, the original cooling load curve should be considered in the adjustment strategy. The simulation results show that advancing or delaying the supply by 1 h during peak cooling load periods can ensure indoor temperature stability, and step-type cooling load curves do not adversely affect indoor comfort levels. Practical case studies further demonstrate that utilizing water storage as an active regulation strategy can reduce operational costs by 26 %, and with flexible adjustments, this reduction can increase to 35–54 %. The study offers a framework to optimize air-conditioning flexibility in airports, facilitating better renewable energy integration and grid stability, which holds significant potential to reduce costs and improve energy efficiency, thus contributing to sustainable energy management.

中文翻译：

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机场空调系统的灵活调节：冷负荷变化对温度稳定性的影响


由于可再生能源的间歇性，可再生能源的整合导致了明显的供需失衡。空调系统作为具有相当灵活性的重要能源消耗者，在整合可再生能源和调节电力系统方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本文深入探讨了机场空调系统灵活调整的能力，特别是研究了不同的冷却负荷如何影响室内温度。空调系统的能源灵活性根据三种基本冷却负荷变化（增量、平移和离散）进行评估，并定义了几个评估参数。对于冷负荷波动较小的区域，调整余量较大，但应避免较长的调整期。对于波动较大的区域，在调整策略中应考虑原始冷负荷曲线。仿真结果表明，在冷却负荷高峰期提前或延迟供应 1 h 可以确保室内温度稳定，并且阶梯式冷却负荷曲线不会对室内舒适度产生不利影响。实际案例研究进一步表明，利用储水作为主动调节策略可以将运营成本降低 26%，并且通过灵活调整，这种减少可以增加到 35-54%。该研究提供了一个框架来优化机场的空调灵活性，促进更好的可再生能源整合和电网稳定性，这在降低成本和提高能源效率方面具有巨大潜力，从而有助于可持续能源管理。