Around 40 percent of global energy is used by buildings, and in Pakistan, the building sector consumes 23 % of total energy consumption. Significant energy savings can be achieved by improving building envelope designs, operational practices, and retrofitting existing buildings. This study aims to reduce the energy and air conditioning demand of an institutional building in Islamabad's hot and humid climate. EQuest is used to optimize key building parameters, such as wall insulation, roof insulation, window types, windows-to-wall ratio (WWR), windows shading, building orientation, and cooling set point. These parameters are categorized into various market options. A market survey was conducted to collect technical specifications and prices of the building's sub-parameters. This study also investigates the potential for achievable energy savings by implementing the recommendations published by the Energy Conservation Building Code of Pakistan (ECBC-2023). The building model is calibrated using actual and simulated building data, following ASHRAE Guide 14 criteria, yielding an MBE of 4.55 % and a CV (RMSE) of 9.3 %. Moreover, the study validates the simulation procedure of EQuest software. After calibration, this model assesses the energy performance of various parameters. Results demonstrate that retrofitting the building can save 24.28 % of energy compared to the baseline building. The retrofit cost is estimated at 51.56 million Pakistani rupees (US $185,669) with a payback period of 4.45 years. The study pioneers the application of ECBC and concludes that a code compliant building can save up to 17.05 %, with a cost of 24.36 million rupees (US $87,721) and a payback period of 3 years.

中文翻译：

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公共机构建筑的能源优化，以减少能源和空调需求


全球约 40% 的能源用于建筑，在巴基斯坦，建筑业消耗了 23% 的总能源消耗。通过改进建筑围护结构设计、运营实践和改造现有建筑，可以实现显著的能源节约。本研究旨在减少伊斯兰堡炎热潮湿气候下机构建筑的能源和空调需求。EQuest 用于优化关键建筑参数，例如墙体保温、屋顶保温、窗户类型、窗户与墙壁的比率 （WWR）、窗户阴影、建筑方向和冷却设定点。这些参数分为各种市场选项。进行了市场调查，以收集建筑物子参数的技术规格和价格。本研究还通过实施巴基斯坦节能建筑规范 （ECBC-2023） 发布的建议来调查可实现节能的潜力。建筑模型按照 ASHRAE 指南 14 标准，使用实际和模拟建筑数据进行校准，得到 4.55 % 的 MBE 和 9.3 % 的 CV （RMSE）。此外，该研究验证了 EQuest 软件的仿真程序。校准后，此模型评估各种参数的能源性能。结果表明，与基线建筑相比，改造建筑可以节省 24.28% 的能源。改造成本估计为 5156 万巴基斯坦卢比（185,669 美元），投资回收期为 4.45 年。该研究率先应用 ECBC，并得出结论，符合规范的建筑可以节省高达 17.05% 的成本，成本为 2436 万卢比（87,721 美元），投资回收期为 3 年。