The concrete 3D printing sector can advance sustainable development by formulating environmentally-friendly materials incorporating waste as supplementary cementitious materials. Addressing the high cement content in printed materials is crucial for the sustainability of this rapidly evolving technology in concrete digital fabrication. This article comprehensively explores utilizing waste materials in 3D-printing concrete. This literature review encompasses discussions on various waste materials to formulate 3D printable compositions. It explores the chemical properties and microstructure of these raw materials and their impact on the rheological and mechanical properties of the resulting mixtures. Additionally, the literature review includes discussions on X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses, focusing on their applications in examining the microstructure. Environmental sustainability aspects related to these materials are also reviewed and discussed. This review offers a novel perspective on using waste materials in 3D printing, which is not extensively covered in existing literature. The incorporation of various waste materials significantly impacts the construction process of 3D-printing by altering key properties, including rheological and mechanical properties. These properties varied depending on the type of waste material used. The study demonstrates that the compressive strength of 3D-printed concrete is significantly influenced by the type of waste materials incorporated and the orientation of the printed specimens. Including waste in 3D-printing concrete reduces carbon emissions and energy consumption compared to using pure ordinary Portland cement mixtures. The review paper is significant as it highlights the potential for waste materials in 3D-printed concrete to promote environmental sustainability by reducing cement usage, improving mechanical properties, and decreasing carbon emissions and energy consumption, while offering a comprehensive analysis of the chemical and microstructural effects of these materials.

中文翻译：

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废物驱动的建筑：在最近的可持续发展研究中对 3D 打印混凝土中废物整合的最新综述


混凝土 3D 打印行业可以通过配制将废物作为补充胶凝材料的环保材料来促进可持续发展。解决印刷材料中的高水泥含量问题对于混凝土数字制造中这种快速发展的技术的可持续性至关重要。本文全面探讨了废料在 3D 打印混凝土中的利用。本文献综述包括对各种废料的讨论，以配制 3D 可打印组合物。它探讨了这些原材料的化学性质和微观结构，以及它们对所得混合物的流变和机械性能的影响。此外，文献综述还包括对 X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析的讨论，重点介绍它们在检查微观结构中的应用。此外，还回顾和讨论了与这些材料相关的环境可持续性方面。这篇综述为在 3D 打印中使用废料提供了一个新颖的视角，这在现有文献中没有广泛涉及。各种废料的加入会改变 3D 打印的关键特性，包括流变学和机械特性，从而对 3D 打印的构建过程产生重大影响。这些特性因所用废料的类型而异。研究表明，3D 打印混凝土的抗压强度受掺入的废料类型和打印样品方向的显著影响。与使用纯普通波特兰水泥混合物相比，在 3D 打印混凝土中加入废物可减少碳排放和能源消耗。 这篇评论论文意义重大，因为它强调了 3D 打印混凝土中的废料通过减少水泥使用、改善机械性能、减少碳排放和能源消耗来促进环境可持续性的潜力，同时对这些材料的化学和微观结构影响进行了全面分析。