This research discusses new data on the geochemistry of tungsten (W) in the coals of North Asia (Siberia, the Russian Far East, and Kazakhstan), based on analyses of over two thousand samples. In general, the studied coals are enriched in W in comparison with the average value for coals all over the world. In different regions of the studied area, coal deposits with anomalous W concentrations (up to commercially important concentrations) were found and the factors controlling the W content in these coals were investigated. Samples were selected in order to study both the vertical variation in W through the seams and laterally to determine its distribution across the coal basins. Seams with average W concentrations generally show some enrichment at the margins of the seam (Zilbermints law). In anomalously enriched seams, however, several patterns of W distribution are observed. Most commonly the base of the seam is enriched and concentrations decrease upwards, less commonly the reverse is the case and rarely the central parts of the seam are enriched. The results from the present work demonstrate that W is predominantly organically associated. In lignites, more than 80 % is concentrated in humic substances with the remainder in mineral matter. However, as the organic matter transforms during coalification some of the W passes into solution leading both to the formation of authigenic minerals and also loss from the seam. The nature of the W distributions in the coal seams indicates a predominantly hydrogenous (aqueous) mechanism of transport and accumulation. It is concluded that the composition of the rock types surrounding the coal-forming basins and the hydrogeochemical conditions of these basins and deposits are critical factors in determining the levels of W accumulation in the coals. The elevated and anomalous tungsten concentrations in coal and peat described in this work are due to the leaching of tungsten rich rocks, primarily granitoids and tungsten-bearing greisens and skarns.

中文翻译：

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北亚煤（西伯利亚、俄罗斯远东和哈萨克斯坦）中的钨 （W） 地球化学


本研究基于对 2000 多个样本的分析，讨论了北亚（西伯利亚、俄罗斯远东和哈萨克斯坦）煤炭中钨 （W） 地球化学的新数据。一般来说，与世界各地煤炭的平均值相比，所研究的煤炭富含 W。在研究区域的不同地区，发现了 W 浓度异常（高达商业上重要的浓度）的煤矿床，并调查了控制这些煤中 W 含量的因素。选择样本是为了研究 W 通过煤层的垂直变化和横向变化，以确定其在煤盆中的分布。具有平均 W 浓度的煤层通常在煤层边缘显示出一些富集（Zilbermints 定律）。然而，在异常丰富的接缝中，观察到几种 W 分布模式。最常见的是接缝的底部丰富，浓度向上降低，不太常见的情况是相反的，很少有接缝的中央部分被丰富。本研究的结果表明，W 主要是有机结合的。在褐煤中，超过 80% 的物质集中在腐殖质中，其余的集中在矿物物质中。然而，随着有机物在煤化过程中的转化，一些 W 进入溶液，导致自生矿物的形成和煤层的损失。煤层中 W 分布的性质表明主要由氢（水）输送和积累的机制。 结论是，成煤盆地周围岩石类型的组成以及这些盆地和矿床的水文地球化学条件是决定煤中 W 聚集水平的关键因素。这项工作中描述的煤和泥炭中钨浓度升高和异常是由于富含钨的岩石浸出，主要是花岗岩和含钨的矽卡岩和矽卡岩。