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Unconventional Near‐equilibrium Nucleation of Graphene on Si‐terminated SiC(0001) Surface
Angewandte Chemie International Edition ( IF 16.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-19 , DOI: 10.1002/anie.202417457
Haojie Huang, Zebin Ren, Xiao Xue, Haoyuancheng Guo, Jianyi Chen, Yunlong Guo, Yunqi Liu, Jichen Dong

The transfer‐free character of graphene growth on Silicon Carbide (SiC) makes it compatible with state‐of‐the‐art Si semi‐conductor technologies for directly fabricating high‐end electronics. Although significant progress has been achieved in epitaxial growth of graphene on SiC recently, the underlying nucleation mechanism remains elusive. Here, we present a theoretical study to elucidate graphene near‐equilibrium nucleation on Si‐terminated hexagonal‐SiC(0001) surface. It is found that the ultra‐large lattice mismatch between SiC(0001) surface and graphene and the highly localized electron distribution on SiC(0001) surface lead to a distinctive nucleation process: (i) Most of the magic carbon clusters on SiC(0001) show only C1 symmetry and are mainly composed of pentagonal rings; (ii) Two possible nucleation pathways are revealed, i.e, longitudinal and circular modes; (iii) Carbon clusters are more stable on flat terraces than near atomic step edges. Based on above findings, a graphene nucleation diagram on SiC(0001) is established and experimentally observed contradictories for graphene growth on SiC(0001) are answered. Our in‐depth understanding on graphene nucleation on SiC(0001) extends nucleation mechanisms of 2D crystals and will benefit high‐quality graphene growth on SiC(0001).

中文翻译:


石墨烯在 Si 封端 SiC(0001) 表面的非常规近平衡成核



石墨烯在碳化硅 (SiC) 上生长的无转移特性使其与最先进的硅半导体技术兼容,可直接制造高端电子产品。尽管最近石墨烯在 SiC 上的外延生长取得了重大进展,但潜在的成核机制仍然难以捉摸。在这里,我们提出了一项理论研究,以阐明石墨烯在 Si 封端的六方晶 SiC(0001) 表面上的近平衡成核。研究发现,SiC(0001) 表面与石墨烯之间的超大晶格失配以及 SiC(0001) 表面高度局域化的电子分布导致了独特的成核过程:(i) SiC(0001) 上的大多数神奇碳簇仅表现出 C1 对称性,主要由五边形环组成;(ii) 揭示了两种可能的成核途径,即纵向和圆形模式;(iii) 碳团簇在平坦的阶地上比在原子台阶边缘附近更稳定。基于上述发现,建立了 SiC(0001) 上的石墨烯成核图,并回答了实验观察到的石墨烯在 SiC(0001) 上生长的矛盾。我们对 SiC(0001) 上石墨烯成核的深入了解扩展了 2D 晶体的成核机制,并将有利于 SiC(0001) 上的高质量石墨烯生长。
更新日期:2024-11-19
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