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Systematic Study of the Inner Structure of Molecular Tori in Nearby U/LIRGs Using Velocity Decomposition of CO Rovibrational Absorption Lines*
The Astrophysical Journal ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-15 , DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad84f4
Shusuke Onishi, Takao Nakagawa, Shunsuke Baba, Kosei Matsumoto, Naoki Isobe, Mai Shirahata, Hiroshi Terada, Tomonori Usuda and Shinki Oyabu

Determining the inner structure of the molecular torus around an active galactic nucleus is essential for understanding its formation mechanism. However, spatially resolving the torus is difficult because of its small size. To probe the clump conditions in the torus, we therefore perform the systematic velocity-decomposition analyses of the gaseous 12CO rovibrational absorption lines (v = 0 → 1, ΔJ = ±1) at λ ∼ 4.67 μm observed toward four (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies using the high-resolution (R ∼ 5000–10,000) spectroscopy from the Subaru Telescope. We find that each transition has two to five distinct velocity components with different line-of-sight (LOS) velocities (VLOS ∼ −240 to +100 km s−1) and dispersions (σV ∼ 15–190 km s−1), i.e., the components (a), (b), ⋯, beginning with the broadest one in each target, indicating that the tori have clumpy structures. By assuming a hydrostatic disk ( ), we find that the tori has dynamic inner structures, with the innermost component (a) outflowing with velocity ∣VLOS∣ ∼ 160–240 km s−1, and the outer components (b) and (c) outflowing more slowly or infalling with ∣VLOS∣ ≲ 100 km s−1. In addition, we find that the innermost component (a) can be attributed to collisionally excited hot (≳530 K) and dense ( ) clumps, based on the level populations. Conversely, the outer component (b) can be attributed to cold (∼30–140 K) clumps radiatively excited by a far-infrared-to-submillimeter background with a brightness temperature higher than ∼20–400 K. These observational results demonstrate the clumpy and dynamic structure of tori in the presence of background radiation.

中文翻译:


使用 CO Rovibrational 吸收线的速度分解系统研究附近 U/LIRG 中分子 Tori 的内部结构*



确定围绕活跃星系核的分子环面的内部结构对于理解其形成机制至关重要。但是,由于圆环的尺寸较小,因此很难在空间上解析圆环。因此,为了探测环面中的团块条件,我们使用斯巴鲁望远镜的高分辨率 (R ∼ 5000–10,000) 光谱对在 λ ∼ 4.67 μm 处观察到的气态 12CO 振动吸收线(v = 0 → 1,ΔJ = ±1)进行系统速度分解分析。我们发现每个跃迁都有两到五个不同的速度分量,具有不同的视线 (LOS) 速度 (VLOS ∼ -240 至 +100 km s-1) 和色散 (σV ∼ 15-190 km s-1),即分量 (a)、(b)、⋯,从每个目标中最广泛的一个开始,表明圆环具有块状结构。通过假设一个静水盘 ( ),我们发现圆环具有动态的内部结构,最内层的分量 (a) 以速度 ∣VLOS∣ ∼ 160-240 km s-1 流出,而外部分量 (b) 和 (c) 流出的速度较慢或以 ∣VLOS∣ ≲ 100 km s-1 的速度下落。此外,我们发现,根据能级种群,最内层的分量 (a) 可归因于碰撞激发的热 (≳530 K) 和密集 ( ) 团块。相反,外部成分 (b) 可归因于由亮温高于 ∼20-400 K 的远红外至亚毫米背景辐射激发的冷 (∼30–140 K) 团块。这些观测结果表明,在背景辐射存在下,tori 呈团块状和动态结构。
更新日期:2024-11-18
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