The stress‐coping ability (SCA) is one of the core aspects of fish welfare and is of vital importance for fish production in the aquaculture industry and for fish fitness in hatchery release. Environmental enrichment (EE), a method of introducing external stimuli into the husbandry environment, has been recently proposed to improve fish SCA, but the present experimental evidence is mixed, and the reasons for these discrepancies are unclear. Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis using a data set that consists of 1786 cases from 107 studies across 42 fish species to solve this problem. Overall, we found that enriched fish had significantly higher SCA than control fish, reflected in either basal stress levels or stress responses. Meta‐regression analyses showed that specific subgroups of enrichment type, fish developmental stage, stress category, stress duration, stress place, sample tissue and indicator system showed significant positive EE effects on SCA. Multi‐model inference indicated that the indicator system, fish developmental stage, stress characteristic and enrichment mode are important drivers for the high heterogeneity among effect sizes. These results highlight the importance of introducing EE into the rearing systems, which will not only increase the welfare of aquaculture fish but also improve the ecological adaptability of released fish. The comprehensive knowledge obtained in this analysis will provide insights into fish ontogenetic plasticity and its responses to EE and have important implications for improving the production cycle in fish aquaculture and fisheries conservation.

中文翻译：

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环境富集对鱼类应激影响的全球综合


压力应对能力 （SCA） 是鱼类福利的核心方面之一，对于水产养殖业的鱼类生产和孵化场释放中的鱼类健康状况至关重要。环境富集 （EE） 是一种将外部刺激引入饲养环境的方法，最近被提出用于改善鱼类 SCA，但目前的实验证据喜忧参半，造成这些差异的原因尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用一个数据集进行了全球荟萃分析，该数据集由来自 42 种鱼类的 107 项研究的 1786 个案例组成，以解决这个问题。总体而言，我们发现富含鱼类的 SCA 明显高于对照鱼，这反映在基础应激水平或应激反应上。Meta 回归分析显示，富集类型、鱼类发育阶段、应激类别、应激持续时间、应激部位、样本组织和指标系统的特定亚组对 SCA 显示出显着的正 EE 影响。多模型推断表明，指标系统、鱼类发育阶段、胁迫特征和富集模式是效应大小间高异质性的重要驱动因素。这些结果突出了将 EE 引入饲养系统的重要性，这不仅会增加水产养殖鱼类的福利，还可以提高释放鱼类的生态适应性。本分析中获得的全面知识将提供对鱼类个体发育可塑性及其对 EE 响应的见解，并对改善鱼类养殖和渔业保护的生产周期具有重要意义。