Haiku, the world's shortest form of poetry, has usually been deemed ambiguous owing to its length. However, studies have shown that ambiguity lowers the aesthetic evaluation of a haiku, which contradicts the belief that ambiguity is a characteristic of both the haiku and art in general. One reason for this contradiction may be the interaction with the readers’ attributes, in particular, their expertise—a theme considered important in the field of aesthetic psychology. Therefore, in this study, we had 20 experts and 20 novices evaluate 20 low- and 20 high-ambiguity haikus, which another group of novices had evaluated and distinguished in the pilot study. The results revealed that the novices exhibited a lower liking for high-ambiguity haikus, whereas the experts demonstrated the same degree of liking for both high- and low-ambiguity haikus. Additionally, the experts had lower perceived ambiguity for high-ambiguity haikus than novices. This suggests a higher degree of liking for ambiguous haikus than novices because they were able to process them more fluently based on their knowledge and experiences. Furthermore, interest mediated the relationship between perceived ambiguity and liking among experts only. In sum, the experts appreciated ambiguous haikus in different ways compared to the novices. The results have implications for the psychology and cognitive science of aesthetics and art, where ambiguity is important, as well as for expertise in school education, where haiku is part of the curriculum.

中文翻译：

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专家与新手俳句诗中歧义与审美印象的比较


俳句是世界上最短的诗歌形式，由于其长度，通常被认为模棱两可。然而，研究表明，歧义会降低对俳句的审美评价，这与认为歧义是俳句和一般艺术的特征的观点相矛盾。这种矛盾的一个原因可能是与读者属性的互动，特别是他们的专业知识——这是一个在审美心理学领域被认为很重要的主题。因此，在这项研究中，我们让 20 名专家和 20 名新手评估了 20 首低歧义和 20 首高歧义俳句，另一组新手在试点研究中对其进行了评估和区分。结果显示，新手对高歧义俳句的喜爱程度较低，而专家对高歧义和低歧义俳句的喜爱程度相同。此外，专家对高歧义性俳句的感知歧义低于新手。这表明与新手相比，他们更喜欢模棱两可的俳句，因为他们能够根据自己的知识和经验更流畅地处理它们。此外，兴趣仅在专家之间介导感知的歧义和喜欢之间的关系。总之，与新手相比，专家们以不同的方式欣赏模棱两可的俳句。这些结果对美学和艺术的心理学和认知科学具有影响，其中歧义很重要，也对学校教育的专业知识产生了影响，俳句是课程的一部分。