Terpenoids are vital secondary metabolites in plants that function as agents for defense and stress resistance. These genes not only play crucial roles in plant growth and development but also function in diverse biological group interactions. Terpenoids released by fruit trees possess defensive properties and constitute a class of aromatic compounds. For some fruits, terpenoids are indispensable indicators for evaluating fruit quality and the economic value. Significant research progress has been made in terpenoids biosynthesis and regulation. In this review, we introduce the main terpenoids of fruit trees, emphasize synthetic enzymes and regulatory factors involved in the mevalonate pathway and the methylerythritol pathway, and analyze TPS gene family identification and diversity in several fruit tree species. Moreover, the regulation of terpenes biosynthesis, including the molecular interaction mechanisms of environmental factors and hormone signaling pathways, are comprehensively described. Our objective is to summarize the molecular regulatory network and research foundation of terpenoids biosynthesis, providing a reference for investigations of metabolic pathways and promoting the development of techniques for the regulation and breeding of terpenoids in fruit trees.

中文翻译：

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果树中主要萜类化合物的生物合成和积累的调控


萜类化合物是植物中重要的次生代谢产物，可作为防御和抗逆剂。这些基因不仅在植物生长和发育中起着至关重要的作用，而且还在不同的生物群体相互作用中发挥作用。果树释放的萜类化合物具有防御特性，构成一类芳香族化合物。对于一些水果来说，萜类化合物是评价水果品质和经济价值不可或缺的指标。萜类化合物的生物合成和调控取得了重大研究进展。本文介绍了果树的主要萜类化合物，重点介绍了甲羟戊酸途径和甲基赤藓糖醇途径中涉及的合成酶和调控因子，并分析了几种果树物种的TPS基因家族鉴定和多样性。此外，全面描述了萜烯生物合成的调控，包括环境因子和激素信号通路的分子相互作用机制。本文旨在总结萜类化合物生物合成的分子调控网络和研究基础，为果树代谢途径的研究提供参考，促进果树萜类化合物调控和育种技术的发展。