Biotechnology has revolutionized agriculture through innovations such as genetically modified (GM) technology and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. In this review, a comparative analysis of these methods that addresses the concerns regarding the oversimplification of the notion that the CRISPR-based editing approach is equivalent to traditional GM approaches is offered. Since the 1990s, despite the potential benefits for crop improvement and food security, controversies have arisen around recombinant technology and the introduction of GM products due to perceived environmental and health concerns. In contrast, the recent emergence of the CRISPR/Cas system as a precise genome editing tool has garnered relatively less public resistance. In this review, the reasons for these contrasting findings are explored to shed light on the distinct characteristics inherent to each approach. Additionally, we conduct a bibliographic analysis to examine the shift in research priorities between the two technological eras, followed by a comprehensive comparison of the two approaches, to enable a better understanding of the potential synergies that can be achieved between agricultural biotechnology and conventional techniques for enhancing modern agriculture. A nuanced understanding of these technologies is crucial for informed decision-making, responsible implementation, and addressing the concerns surrounding agricultural biotechnology.

中文翻译：

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植物育种中的基因改造技术：CRISPR/Cas 和 GM 技术的比较综述


生物技术通过转基因 （GM） 技术和 CRISPR/Cas9 基因组编辑等创新，彻底改变了农业。在这篇综述中，对这些方法进行了比较分析，以解决对基于 CRISPR 的编辑方法等同于传统 GM 方法的概念过于简化的担忧。自 1990 年代以来，尽管对作物改良和粮食安全有潜在好处，但由于人们认为环境和健康问题，围绕重组技术和转基因产品的引入出现了争议。相比之下，最近出现的 CRISPR/Cas 系统作为一种精确的基因组编辑工具，受到的公众阻力相对较小。在本综述中，探讨了这些截然不同的发现的原因，以阐明每种方法固有的不同特征。此外，我们进行了书目分析，以研究两个技术时代之间研究重点的转变，然后对两种方法进行了全面比较，以便更好地了解农业生物技术和传统技术之间可以实现的潜在协同作用，以增强现代农业。对这些技术的细致入微的理解对于做出明智的决策、负责任的实施和解决围绕农业生物技术的担忧至关重要。