Violence is highly concentrated in a small number of very specific “hot spot” locations within cities. The concentration of violence at these places tends to be stable over extended time periods, suggesting highly localized place characteristics and dynamics generate persistent violence. Research suggests police can be effective in controlling violence when they focus their attention on these small high-violence locations. Past systematic reviews and meta-analyses of hot spots policing studies have not fully considered how this strategy impacts violence in general and its specific effects on violent crime types such as assaults, robberies, and violent firearm crimes. This study draws on data used in a previously completed systematic review of hot spots policing programs including 32 studies with 38 tests of the effects of this police strategy on violence. Meta-analyses report hot spots policing is associated with significant reductions in violence in treated places relative to comparison places without evidence of violent crime displacement. Increased traditional policing interventions reduced violence in treated hot spots as did problem-oriented policing interventions when implemented properly. Police departments adopting this effective violence reduction approach must design these programs in ways that do not create unintended harms, such as excessive enforcement, on communities.

中文翻译：

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热点警务对暴力的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析


暴力高度集中在城市内少数非常具体的“热点”地点。这些地方的暴力集中往往在很长一段时间内保持稳定，这表明高度本地化的地方特征和动态产生了持续的暴力。研究表明，当警察将注意力集中在这些小型暴力高发地点时，他们可以有效地控制暴力。过去对热点警务研究的系统评价和荟萃分析并未充分考虑该策略如何影响一般暴力及其对暴力犯罪类型（如袭击、抢劫和暴力枪支犯罪）的具体影响。本研究借鉴了先前完成的热点警务计划系统评价中使用的数据，包括 32 项研究和 38 项测试，旨在研究这种警察策略对暴力的影响。荟萃分析报告称，与没有暴力犯罪流离失所证据的比较地点相比，热点警务与处理场所的暴力行为显著减少有关。如果实施得当，增加传统警务干预措施可以减少处理热点地区的暴力，以问题为导向的警务干预措施也是如此。采用这种有效减少暴力方法的警察部门在设计这些计划时，必须不对社区造成意外伤害，例如过度执法。