Healthy cells have developed a sophisticated network of antioxidant molecules to prevent the toxic accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by diverse environmental stresses. On the opposite, cancer cells often exhibit high levels of ROS and an altered levels of antioxidant molecules compared to normal cells. Among them, the antioxidant enzyme catalase plays an essential role in cell defense against oxidative stress through the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen, and its expression is often decreased in cancer cells. The elevation of ROS in cancer cells provides them proliferative advantages, and leads to metabolic reprogramming, immune escape and metastasis. In this context, catalase is of critical importance to control these cellular processes in cancer through various mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the major progresses and challenges in understanding the role of catalase in cancer for this last decade. This review also aims to provide important updates regarding the regulation of catalase expression, subcellular localization and discuss about the potential role of microbial catalases in tumor environment. Finally, we will describe the different catalase-based therapies and address the advantages, disadvantages, and limitations associated with modulating catalase therapeutically in cancer treatment.

中文翻译：

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靶向癌症中的过氧化氢酶


健康细胞已经发展出一个复杂的抗氧化分子网络，以防止各种环境压力产生的活性氧 （ROS） 的毒性积累。相反，与正常细胞相比，癌细胞通常表现出高水平的 ROS 和抗氧化分子水平的改变。其中，抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶通过过氧化氢歧化为水和分子氧，在细胞抵御氧化应激中起着至关重要的作用，其在癌细胞中的表达往往降低。癌细胞中 ROS 的升高为它们提供了增殖优势，并导致代谢重编程、免疫逃逸和转移。在这种情况下，过氧化氢酶对于通过各种机制控制癌症中的这些细胞过程至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论过去十年来了解过氧化氢酶在癌症中的作用的主要进展和挑战。本综述还旨在提供有关过氧化氢酶表达调节、亚细胞定位的重要更新，并讨论微生物过氧化氢酶在肿瘤环境中的潜在作用。最后，我们将描述不同的基于过氧化氢酶的疗法，并解决在癌症治疗中与调节过氧化氢酶相关的优点、缺点和局限性。