Most seismic risk assessments primarily focus on the impact of ground acceleration on infrastructure. However, in Mexico, along with numerous countries in Latin America and beyond, a significant portion of earthquake risk stems from secondary environmental effects such as tsunamis, landslides, and liquefaction processes. These secondary effects can often prove more lethal than the earthquake shaking itself. We used the Environmental Seismic Intensity scale (ESI-07) to assess the Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEEs) of the Mw 7.7 Michoacan earthquake on September 19th, 2022. This made it possible to comprehensively characterize the EEEs and their potential social consequences in the epicentral area along the Mexican subduction zone. Our study draws on data gathered from extensive field surveys, satellite imagery analysis, social media monitoring, and online resources, totalling data from over 8000 sites with EEEs. Through rigorous analysis, ESI-07 intensity values illuminate the vulnerability of coastal areas and coastal ranges to specific secondary effects triggered by large seismic events. We meticulously map the spatial distribution of these triggered EEEs, presenting A) an ESI-07 isoseismal map, and B) comparative analysis with other significant earthquakes, particularly subduction megathrust interface events. Our findings underscore the critical importance of considering environmental coseismic effects and using the ESI-07 scale in territorial planning and seismic risk preparedness. Furthermore, we highlight the unique characteristics of the Mexican Pacific coastal region and, more broadly, the distinct risks posed by coastal areas along subduction zones in terms of secondary seismic environmental hazards. This work emphasizes the urgent need to acknowledge the vulnerability of these regions to secondary effects and the imperative for resilience-building measures to safeguard human well-being and mitigate economic repercussions in the face of future seismic events.

中文翻译：

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Mw 7.7 的环境影响和 ESI-07 强度，2022 年 9 月 19 日，墨西哥米却肯州，地震


大多数地震风险评估主要关注地面加速对基础设施的影响。然而，在墨西哥以及拉丁美洲及其他地区的许多国家，很大一部分地震风险源于次生环境影响，例如海啸、山体滑坡和液化过程。这些次要影响往往比地震本身更致命。我们使用环境地震烈度量表 （ESI-07） 来评估 2022 年 9 月 19 日米却肯州 Mw 7.7 地震的地震环境影响 （EEE）。这使得全面描述墨西哥俯冲带震中区域的 EEE 及其潜在的社会后果成为可能。我们的研究借鉴了从广泛的实地调查、卫星图像分析、社交媒体监测和在线资源中收集的数据，总共收集了来自 8000 多个具有 EEE 的站点的数据。通过严格的分析，ESI-07 强度值阐明了沿海地区和沿海地区对大型地震事件引发的特定次级效应的脆弱性。我们仔细绘制了这些触发的 EEE 的空间分布，展示了 A） ESI-07 等震图，以及 B） 与其他重大地震的比较分析，特别是俯冲大推力界面事件。我们的研究结果强调了考虑环境同震效应并在领土规划和地震风险准备中使用 ESI-07 量表的至关重要性。此外，我们强调了墨西哥太平洋沿海地区的独特特征，更广泛地说，俯冲带沿岸地区在次生地震环境危害方面构成的独特风险。 这项工作强调了迫切需要承认这些地区对次生影响的脆弱性，以及面对未来地震事件时必须采取增强韧性措施来保护人类福祉并减轻经济影响。