Dealing with collapsible soils consistently presents a crucial challenge for geological and geotechnical engineers. Loess soil is among the most widely recognized types of collapsible soils, covering approximately 10 % of the Earth's land surface. Loessic soil is a sedimentary deposit primarily composed of silt-size grains, loosely bound together by calcium carbonate. In Iran, approximately 17 % of Golestan province is covered by silty, clayey, and sandy loesses, primarily composed of loessic soil. Additionally, several energy transmission lines in this province traverse these loess-covered areas. Based on the reports from Golestan Gas Company experts, the scouring of gas pipeline channels in various regions, such as Dashli-Alum in Maraveh-Tappeh city, causes significant risks in the traffic roads and is one of the most critical issues facing this company. This research assessed the dispersion and collapse potentials of loess soil using a range of field exploration and laboratory testing methods. These methods included atomic absorption spectroscopy, the double hydrometer, scanning electron microscope photography, wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and consolidation tests. The results indicate that soil collapsibility was acquired as one of the components of the scouring phenomenon occurrences. To achieve an optimal solution, the effectiveness of the chemical stabilization method involving cement, bentonite, micro-silica, and synthesized nano‑titanium additives was evaluated through an oedometer, Atterberg limits, uniaxial compression, and direct shear tests. Additives dry mixing of cement and nano‑titanium were obtained as the optimal stabilization solutions against scouring compared to other additives. However, considering the environmental impacts of cement production and use, nano‑titanium presents a more environmentally sustainable option due to CO2 absorption and reduced damage potential to vegetation.

中文翻译：

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评估、识别和提出稳定天然气管道路径中暴露于冲刷的黄土土壤的计划，案例研究：Maraveh-Tappeh 市


处理可湿陷土壤一直是地质和岩土工程师面临的重大挑战。黄土是最广为人知的可湿陷土壤类型之一，约占地球陆地表面的 10%。黄土是一种沉积物，主要由淤泥大小的颗粒组成，由碳酸钙松散地结合在一起。在伊朗，戈勒斯坦省大约 17% 的面积被粉砂质、粘土质和沙质黄土覆盖，主要由黄土组成。此外，该省的几条能源传输线路穿过这些黄土覆盖的地区。根据 Golestan Gas Company 专家的报告，对各个地区的天然气管道通道进行冲刷，例如 Maraveh-Tappeh 市的 Dashli-Alum，对交通道路造成重大风险，是该公司面临的最关键问题之一。本研究使用一系列现场勘探和实验室测试方法评估了黄土的分散和塌陷可能性。这些方法包括原子吸收光谱法、双比重计、扫描电子显微镜摄影、波长色散 X 射线荧光光谱法和巩固试验。结果表明，土壤塌陷性是冲刷现象发生的组成部分之一。为了实现最佳解决方案，通过臭氧计、Atterberg 极限、单轴压缩和直接剪切测试评估了涉及水泥、膨润土、微二氧化硅和合成纳米钛添加剂的化学稳定方法的有效性。与其他添加剂相比，水泥和纳米钛的添加剂干混是防止煮练的最佳稳定解决方案。 然而，考虑到水泥生产和使用对环境的影响，纳米钛是一种更环保的选择，因为它可以吸收二氧化碳并降低对植被的潜在破坏。