Leading national space exploration agencies and private enterprises are actively engaged in lunar exploration initiatives to accomplish manned lunar landings and establish permanent lunar bases in the forthcoming years. With limited access to lunar surface materials on Earth, lunar regolith simulants are crucial for lunar exploration research. The Chang’e-5 (CE-5) samples have been characterized by state-of-the-art laboratory equipment, providing a unique opportunity to develop a high-quality lunar regolith simulant. We have prepared a high-fidelity PolyU-1 simulant by pulverizing, desiccating, sieving, and blending natural mineral materials on Earth based on key physical, mineral, and chemical characteristics of CE-5 samples. The results showed that the simulant has a high degree of consistency with the CE-5 samples in terms of the particle morphology, mineral and chemical composition. Direct shear tests were conducted on the simulant, and the measured internal friction angle and cohesion values can serve as references for determining the mechanical properties of CE-5 lunar regolith. The PolyU-1 simulant can contribute to experimental studies involving lunar regolith, including the assessment of interaction between rovers and lunar regolith, as well as the development of in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) technologies.

中文翻译：

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基于嫦娥五号返回样品的 PolyU-1 月球风化层模拟物的研制与表征


领先的国家太空探索机构和私营企业正在积极参与月球探测计划，以在未来几年完成载人登月并建立永久月球基地。由于地球上对月球表面材料的机会有限，月球风化层模拟物对于月球探测研究至关重要。嫦娥五号（CE-5）样品已通过最先进的实验室设备进行了表征，为开发高质量的月球风化层模拟物提供了独特的机会。我们根据 CE-5 样品的关键物理、矿物和化学特性，通过粉碎、干燥、筛分和混合地球上的天然矿物材料，制备了高保真 PolyU-1 模拟物。结果表明，该模拟物在颗粒形态、矿物和化学成分方面与 CE-5 样品具有高度一致性。对模拟物进行了直接剪切试验，测得的内摩擦角和内聚值可作为确定 CE-5 月球风化层力学性能的参考。PolyU-1 模拟物可为涉及月球风化层的实验研究做出贡献，包括评估漫游车与月球风化层之间的相互作用，以及原位资源利用 （ISRU） 技术的发展。