Early childhood is a particularly important time to nurture resilience. Strengthening measurement of resilience processes for young children is essential to advancing resilience science and application. The current study provides an initial validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) for parent/caregiver-report during early childhood (CYRM-EC). Participants included 265 children in the U.S. ages 4–5 years (M = 5.07 years) in the spring prior to kindergarten. The sample varied substantially by annual household income (36% earning ≤ $35,000; 43% ≥ $75,000) and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs; 47% had ≥ 1; 17% had ≥ 3). Diversity in child race/ethnicity was limited (69.5% White/Caucasian, 17.9% more than one race, 9.4% Latinx/Hispanic, 1.6% Asian, 0.4% Native American/Alaska Native, and 1.2% other races/ethnicities). The 11-item Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Early Childhood demonstrated strong internal reliability (α = .81) and a single factor structure. This measure also exhibited concurrent validity with both individual (children's self-regulation and social skills) and relational (positive parenting) promotive and protective factors and processes, accounting for covariates including child age, gender, race/ethnicity, ACEs, parent education, and nesting by classroom. Findings further indicated evidence for predictive (concurrent) validity of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Early Childhood to better overall child health status and fewer teacher-rated externalizing behaviors, but not to early literacy or math scores. Longitudinal research with young children of varying ages and from more diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds is needed to advance understanding of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-Early Childhood and to inform application for preventive interventions.

中文翻译：

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测量幼儿的适应力：儿童和青少年适应力测量 - 幼儿 （CYRM-EC）


幼儿期是培养韧性的特别重要的时期。加强对幼儿心理弹性过程的测量对于推进心理弹性科学和应用至关重要。目前的研究为儿童和青少年早期父母/看护人报告 （CYRM-EC） 的复原力测量 （CYRM） 提供了初步验证。参与者包括 265 名美国 4-5 岁 （M = 5.07 岁） 的儿童，他们在幼儿园之前的春季。样本因家庭年收入（36% ≤ 35,000 美元;43% ≥ 75,000 美元）和不良童年经历（ACEs;47% ≥ 1;17% ≥ 3）差异很大。儿童种族/族裔的多样性是有限的（69.5% 的白人/白种人，17.9% 的种族以上，9.4% 的拉丁裔/西班牙裔，1.6% 的亚洲人，0.4% 的美洲原住民/阿拉斯加原住民，以及 1.2% 的其他种族/族裔）。包含 11 个项目的儿童和青少年复原力测量 - 幼儿表现出强大的内部可靠性 （α = .81） 和单因素结构。该措施还表现出与个人（儿童的自我调节和社交技能）和关系（积极养育）促进和保护因素和过程同时效度，考虑了包括儿童年龄、性别、种族/民族、ACEs、父母教育和课堂嵌套在内的协变量。研究结果进一步表明，有证据表明儿童和青少年复原力测量-幼儿对改善儿童整体健康状况和减少教师评定的外化行为具有预测（并发）有效性，但对早期识字或数学成绩没有影响。 需要对不同年龄和来自不同种族/民族背景的幼儿进行纵向研究，以促进对儿童和青少年复原力测量-幼儿的理解，并为预防性干预的应用提供信息。