Measuring innovation has long posed a significant challenge and has been the subject of extensive scientific research. Various definitions and measures of innovation exist, and each measurement approach faces limitations. This research aims to conduct a systematic literature review to expose the tendencies in measuring various types of innovation, thereby revealing different approaches, challenges, and limitations. This paper systemises and groups indicators, highlighting similarities and differences in measuring various innovation types. The systematic literature review includes 172 papers from the WoS Core Collection and Scopus databases, presenting innovation indicators across nine types of innovation: product, process, service, technological, management (or organizational, administrative), business model, supply chain, green (or environmental, eco), and open innovation. The analysis reveals that researchers often employ a broad range of indicators, many of which are not even closely aligned with specific innovation types. Accordingly, this paper offers recommendations for selecting indicators tailored to innovation type.

中文翻译：

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衡量创新类型的挑战：系统文献综述


长期以来，衡量创新一直是一项重大挑战，并且一直是广泛科学研究的主题。存在各种创新定义和衡量标准，每种衡量方法都面临局限性。本研究旨在进行系统的文献综述，以揭示衡量各种类型创新的趋势，从而揭示不同的方法、挑战和局限性。本文对指标进行了系统化和分组，强调了衡量各种创新类型的相似性和差异性。系统文献综述包括来自 WoS Core Collection 和 Scopus 数据库的 172 篇论文，展示了九种创新类型的创新指标：产品、流程、服务、技术、管理（或组织、管理）、商业模式、供应链、绿色（或环境、生态）和开放式创新。分析显示，研究人员经常采用广泛的指标，其中许多指标甚至与特定的创新类型并不密切相关。因此，本文为选择适合创新类型的指标提供了建议。