Globally, women encounter physical and social barriers that challenge their mobility. This review explores the barriers affecting women's mobility, in the first- and last-mile stretches, in low- and middle-income countries and their consequences on accessibility, availability, affordability, and acceptability of public transport. This review includes 42 studies on mobility, accessibility, safety, travel patterns, and gendered transport, employing mixed, quantitative, and qualitative methods. The barriers observed in these studies are primarily related to 1) public transport, 2) non-motorized transport, 3) safety, 4) gendered norms, 5) urban form, and 6) policies. The most common concerns for women are the lack of adequate, reliable, inclusive, safe, and integrated public transport, poor pedestrian infrastructure, and unsafe environments. These, coupled with gendered norms, restrict mobility and access to essential services and opportunities for women, especially if traveling with children and luggage, as well as for older adults and persons with disabilities. This is one of the first reviews focusing on barriers affecting women's mobility. It advocates for more contextualized evidence-based studies on first- and last-mile connectivity from more geographic locations, integrated feeder and main transport lines, and operationalizing and monitoring policies and regulations.

中文翻译：

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了解影响低收入和中等收入国家女性在第一英里和最后一英里流动性的障碍：系统评价


在全球范围内，女性遇到了挑战她们行动能力的物理和社会障碍。本综述探讨了在低收入和中等收入国家影响女性在第一英里和最后一英里的流动性的障碍，以及它们对公共交通的可及性、可用性、可负担性和可接受性的影响。本综述包括 42 项关于流动性、可达性、安全性、出行模式和性别交通的研究，采用混合、定量和定性方法。在这些研究中观察到的障碍主要与 1） 公共交通，2） 非机动交通，3） 安全，4） 性别规范，5） 城市形态，以及 6） 政策有关。女性最常见的担忧是缺乏充足、可靠、包容、安全和综合的公共交通、糟糕的行人基础设施和不安全的环境。这些因素，再加上性别规范，限制了女性的行动能力以及获得基本服务和机会的机会，尤其是在带着孩子和行李旅行时，以及老年人和残疾人。这是首批关注影响女性行动能力障碍的综述之一。它倡导对更多地理位置的第一英里和最后一英里连接、综合支线和主要运输线路以及实施和监测政策和法规进行更多情境化的循证研究。