The domain of energy poverty is increasingly recognised as a multifaceted global challenge stemming from limited income, high energy costs, and inefficient housing. The issue affects different social groups and regions unevenly, even within Europe. This paper investigates energy poverty across 32 economies, including EU member states and several non-EU European countries, over the period from 2004 to 2021. By analysing micro-level data from the EU-SILC database and Eurostat, the study identifies that low-income households, smaller households, and those living in overcrowded conditions are particularly vulnerable to energy poverty. Interestingly, the research finds that renewable energy does not contribute to alleviating energy poverty in Europe. Based on these results, the study calls for immediate policy measures to improve housing conditions and lower electricity costs, especially for economically disadvantaged households, to effectively address energy poverty.

中文翻译：

---

评估欧盟国家的能源贫困


能源贫困领域越来越被认为是一个多方面的全球挑战，源于收入有限、能源成本高和住房效率低下。这个问题对不同的社会群体和地区的影响不均衡，即使在欧洲也是如此。本文调查了 2004 年至 2021 年期间 32 个经济体的能源贫困情况，包括欧盟成员国和几个非欧盟欧洲国家。通过分析来自 EU-SILC 数据库和欧盟统计局的微观数据，该研究确定低收入家庭、较小的家庭和生活在过度拥挤环境中的家庭特别容易受到能源贫困的影响。有趣的是，研究发现，可再生能源无助于缓解欧洲的能源贫困。基于这些结果，该研究呼吁立即采取政策措施来改善住房条件和降低电力成本，特别是对于经济弱势家庭，以有效解决能源贫困问题。