The aim of this paper is to analyse the key effects contributing to changes in energy imports in the European Union (EU-27) in the period 2000–2020. Using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI), the analysis examines the effect of changes in six factors—energy structure, energy dependence, energy transformation efficiency, energy yield after transformation, energy efficiency and activity—on imports of oil, natural gas and other sources of energy. The results of the analysis reveal that the decarbonisation process has fostered the abandonment of the most polluting fossil fuel sources; however, there has been an increase in energy dependence on less polluting sources that are not produced domestically. In contrast, there has been an opportunity for change through improved energy efficiency, which has made it possible to reduce energy requirements per unit produced. In short, in order to achieve a sustainable and secure energy future, it is crucial to implement policies and actions that promote both the diversification of the energy mix—particularly renewable energies—and efficiency in consumption. Doing so will enable countries to move towards true decarbonisation and minimise vulnerability in their energy supply.

中文翻译：

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2000 年至 2020 年期间导致欧盟 27 国能源进口变化的主要影响因素：基于桑基图的分解分析


本文的目的是分析 2000 年至 2020 年期间导致欧盟 （EU-27） 能源进口变化的关键影响。使用对数平均分区指数 （LMDI），该分析研究了六个因素的变化——能源结构、能源依赖、能源转型效率、转型后的能源产量、能源效率和活动——对石油、天然气和其他能源进口的影响。分析结果表明，脱碳过程促进了对污染最严重的化石燃料来源的放弃;然而，对非国内生产的污染较少的能源的能源依赖有所增加。相比之下，通过提高能源效率来改变是有机会的，这使得降低每单位生产的能源需求成为可能。简而言之，为了实现可持续和安全的能源未来，实施促进能源结构多样化（尤其是可再生能源）和消费效率的政策和行动至关重要。这样做将使各国能够迈向真正的脱碳，并最大限度地减少其能源供应的脆弱性。