Respect for land rights for women, as a key strategy to promote their development and empowerment as well as improving their welfare, has been considered in today's societies. However, there have been few empirical studies to back up this statement. Therefore, the primary goal of this research was to find out whether or not women may increase their authority through economic tenure security, legal tenure security, household characteristic, or de facto tenure security. In this regard, the survey data collected in 2021 from 28 villages of Mazandaran province (Northern Iran) were analyzed. The study highlights the significance of de facto tenure security as the most crucial among the four qualities assessed. It's important to note, however, that possessing land titles doesn't necessarily guarantee de facto tenure security. Despite this distinction, the study reveals a meaningful correlation, suggesting that women with land titles are more likely to experience higher levels of empowerment. Official certification, resolution of tenure disputes, increased agricultural income, and the impact of regional urbanization all play an important role in empowering rural women, which usually results in better economic outcomes for them. According to the results, it is evident that the legal registration of women's land ownership correlates with enhanced women's empowerment within rural communities. Land ownership provides women with the means to generate income, make independent choices, and actively participate in various aspects of social and economic life. The findings of this study underscore potential shortcomings in gender neutrality within land interventions, emphasizing the necessity for incorporating gender considerations into research and land-use planning. The practitioners and policy-makers may utilize the study's findings to invest in programs that include components of land tenure security and increase women's economic empowerment.

中文翻译：

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迈向权属保障：妇女的土地所有权、正式的土地所有权文件与她们的赋权之间的关系


尊重妇女的土地权是促进妇女发展和赋权以及改善妇女福利的关键战略，在当今社会已被考虑。然而，很少有实证研究支持这一说法。因此，本研究的主要目标是找出女性是否可以通过经济权属保障、法定权属保障、家庭特征或事实上的权属保障来增加她们的权威。在这方面，分析了 2021 年从马赞达兰省（伊朗北部）的 28 个村庄收集的调查数据。该研究强调了事实上的权属保障的重要性，它是所评估的四种品质中最关键的。然而，重要的是要注意，拥有土地所有权并不一定能保证事实上的保有权保障。尽管存在这种差异，但该研究揭示了一种有意义的相关性，表明拥有土地所有权的女性更有可能获得更高水平的赋权。官方认证、权属争议的解决、农业收入的增加以及区域城市化的影响都在赋予农村妇女权力方面发挥着重要作用，这通常会为她们带来更好的经济成果。根据结果，很明显，妇女土地所有权的合法登记与农村社区内妇女赋权的增强相关。土地所有权为妇女提供了创收、独立选择和积极参与社会和经济生活各个方面的手段。本研究的结果强调了土地干预中性别中立的潜在缺陷，强调了将性别考虑纳入研究和土地使用规划的必要性。 从业者和政策制定者可以利用研究结果投资于包括土地保有权保障组成部分和增加妇女经济赋权的计划。