A scheme for satellite remote sensing is proposed to detect nighttime fog and low stratus (FLS) by combining visible, mid-infrared, and far-infrared channels. The S-NPP/VIIRS dataset and ERA5 reanalysis data are primarily used, and a comprehensive threshold system is established through statistical analysis, simulation calculations, and sensitivity experiments. 98 cases of nighttime FLS occurring from 2012 to 2020 in China, the United States, and surrounding areas are selected for algorithm validation, utilizing the global surface meteorological observations as comparison data. Preliminary results from the analysis of four typical cases indicate that the algorithm is temporally suitable for all lunar phase conditions from new moon to full moon at night, and spatially applicable to various types of underlying surfaces. The accuracy evaluation results of 14,378 satellite-ground matching samples further show that the algorithm has high accuracy overall, with a POD of 0.86, CSI of 0.81, and FAR of 0.06. The accuracy is highest in winter, lowest in summer, and intermediate in spring and autumn. The missed detections and false alarms predominantly occur at the edge of clouds, which may be caused by parallax and time difference between satellite and ground observations.

中文翻译：

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使用 S-NPP/VIIRS 可见光和红外通道在多场景和所有月相条件下进行夜间雾和低层云检测


提出了一种卫星遥感方案，通过结合可见光、中红外和远红外通道来探测夜间雾和低层云 （FLS）。主要使用 S-NPP/VIIRS 数据集和 ERA5 再分析数据，通过统计分析、模拟计算和敏感性实验建立了全面的阈值系统。选取 2012 年至 2020 年中美及周边地区发生的 98 例夜间 FLS 进行算法验证，利用全球地面气象观测作为对比数据。对 4 种典型情况的分析初步结果表明，该算法在时间上适用于从新月到夜间满月的所有月相条件，在空间上适用于各种类型的下垫面。14378个星地匹配样本的精度评估结果进一步表明，该算法总体精度较高，POD为0.86，CSI为0.81，FAR为0.06。冬季精度最高，夏季最低，春秋两季中等。漏报和误报主要发生在云的边缘，这可能是由卫星和地面观测之间的视差和时间差引起的。