As human activities intensify and global climate change accelerates, floodplain lakes are experiencing hydrological transformations that profoundly impact their ecology. Based on an extensive review of published literature, current knowledge of floodplain lakes and links between hydrology and ecology are summarized and synthesized. River-lake interactions determine hydrological conditions in floodplain lakes, with high spatial heterogeneity influenced by topography, geophysical properties, and climate. Seasonal fluctuations in water level and hydrological connectivity affect the community structure of aquatic organisms and biogeochemical processes. The interplay of floods and terrain shapes vegetation dynamics. Hydrological regimes sustain the quantity and quality of habitats, along with food resources for waterbirds and other organisms. Although certain species have adaptive capacities to changing hydrology through life history strategies, behavioral modifications, or physiological adjustments, long-term pressures from reservoir construction, intensive land use, and other human activities appear to be inducing cumulative, non-linear impacts that may push these ecosystems towards critical thresholds. Sustained pressures increase the risk of regime shifts, threatening ecosystem functionality. Current research often overlooks the complex interactions and feedbacks within ecosystems, leading to uncertain predictions regarding species resilience and ecosystem function. Existing methods are insufficient for fully integrating both short-term disturbances and long-term pressure. Advancing understanding of species adaptations across different temporal scales remains a priority, highlighting the need for more comprehensive frameworks for biodiversity conservation that effectively account for changing environment. Future efforts should focus on comprehensive in-situ monitoring and observation strategies, jointly with the application of advanced mathematical models, to enhance our understanding of ecology of floodplain lakes.

中文翻译：

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洪泛区湖泊：将水文学与生态学和保护联系起来


随着人类活动的加剧和全球气候变化的加速，洪泛区湖泊正在经历水文变化，对其生态产生深远影响。基于对已发表文献的广泛回顾，总结和综合了当前关于洪泛区湖泊的知识以及水文学和生态学之间的联系。河流-湖泊相互作用决定了洪泛区湖泊的水文条件，其高度空间异质性受地形、地球物理特性和气候的影响。水位的季节性波动和水文连通性影响着水生生物的群落结构和生物地球化学过程。洪水和地形的相互作用塑造了植被动态。水文状况维持着栖息地的数量和质量，以及水鸟和其他生物的食物资源。尽管某些物种通过生活史策略、行为改变或生理调整具有适应水文变化的能力，但来自水库建设、密集土地利用和其他人类活动的长期压力似乎正在诱发累积的非线性影响，可能会将这些生态系统推向临界阈值。持续的压力增加了政权更迭的风险，威胁到生态系统的功能。目前的研究往往忽视生态系统内复杂的相互作用和反馈，导致对物种恢复力和生态系统功能的预测不确定。现有方法不足以完全整合短期干扰和长期压力。 促进对不同时间尺度上物种适应的理解仍然是一个优先事项，这凸显了需要更全面的生物多样性保护框架，以有效解释不断变化的环境。未来的工作应侧重于全面的原位监测和观察策略，并结合先进的数学模型的应用，以增强我们对洪泛区湖泊生态学的理解。