Although Jaillard's (2022) paper denotes the first attempt to propose a model for the orogeny build-up of the Ecuadorian Andes, it is based on endorsing the poorly constrained and uncertain Caribbean Colombia Oceanic Plateau (CCOP) from the Coastal Ranges (CR) to the Western Cordillera (WC). This model is inconsistent with the crustal thickness variation confirmed by seismic tomography profiles and Moho map (Araujo et al., 2021), unreliable REE chondrite-normalized flat patterns (Kerr, 2014), absent of HIMU Pb isotope anomaly and lack of W, He or Ne isotope information indicative of primordial mantle. Along the Coastal Ranges, Jaillard discusses the NE-oriented San Lorenzo Arc (SLA) within the context of a back-arc basin, incorporating the Chongón Colonche High (CCH) as a remnant arc orthogonal to the margin since its emplacement. Contrarily, he overlooks the widespread Cretaceous olistolith outcrops representing the cryptic and vanished Paleocene suture zone, unlike the undeformed Santa Elena Formation. The occurrence of CR lower continental crust, inferred from lower than 7 Km/s sec Vp velocity, decisively challenges the CCOP paradigm. To the east, while Jaillard describes west-vergent contractional deformation and the prowedge foredeep flysch, he geologically thickens the Western Cordillera by rooting thrusting near the crustal-mantle boundary, including the slender Guaranda Terrane (Totoras amphibolite). This is inconsistent with the 85 Ma crystallization age of HT metamorphism predating the collision event, further questioning the CCOP model. Additionally, Jaillard disregards the Pallatanga suture melange and the adakite Pujilí Granite obstructing subduction, which shifted westward post-collision, forming the Rio Cala intraoceanic arc synchronous with flysch foredeep deposition (Vallejo, 2007) and providing the stresses for contractional deformation. Along the foreland basin, Jaillard's distortion from lithostratigraphic to chronostratigraphic isopach maps impedes recognition of the molasse source, provenance, and deposition, coeval with the EC development. The Abitagua Granite, adjacent to the giant Pungarayacu heavy oil field, necessitates continuity of Cretaceous source rocks under the EC, also functioning as a detachment. The high gravitational potential energy achieved during strong collision dissipates through extensional gravitational collapse, modulating eastward as toe-thrust imbrication and utilizing the Cretaceous detachment to form the Eastern Cordillera retrowedge concurrently with WC contractional deformation, resulting in a bivergent fold and thrust belt.

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对 Jaillard， E.， （2022） 的评论：厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉的晚白垩世-古近纪造山运动：回顾和讨论


尽管 Jaillard （2022） 的论文表示首次尝试为厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉的造山运动构建提出模型，但它是基于对从沿海山脉 （CR） 到西科迪勒拉山脉 （WC） 的约束不佳且不确定的加勒比哥伦比亚海洋高原 （CCOP） 的认可。该模型与地震断层扫描剖面和 Moho 图（Araujo et al.， 2021）确认的地壳厚度变化不一致，不可靠的 REE 球粒陨石归一化平面模式（Kerr，2014 年），没有 HIMU Pb 同位素异常，缺乏指示原始地幔的 W、He 或 Ne 同位素信息。沿着沿海山脉，Jaillard 在弧后盆地的背景下讨论了东北方向的圣洛伦索弧 （SLA），将 Chongón Colonche High （CCH） 作为自放置以来与边缘正交的残余弧。相反，他忽略了广泛的白垩纪橄榄石露头，这些露头代表了神秘而消失的古新世缝合带，这与未变形的圣埃伦娜组不同。从低于 7 Km/s sec Vp 的速度推断出 CR 下部大陆地壳的出现，决定性地挑战了 CCOP 范式。在东部，Jaillard 描述了西向收缩变形和前楔前深飞，而他在地质学上通过在地壳-地幔边界附近生根冲刺，包括细长的 Guaranda Terrane （Totoras anthibolite），使西科迪勒拉山脉变厚。这与碰撞事件之前 HT 变质作用的 85 马 结晶年龄不一致，进一步质疑了 CCOP 模型。 此外，Jaillard 忽略了 Pallatanga 缝合线混合和 adakite Pujilí 花岗岩阻碍俯冲，它们在碰撞后向西移动，形成了与 flysch 前深沉积同步的 Rio Cala 洋内弧（Vallejo，2007 年），并为收缩变形提供了应力。沿着前陆盆地，Jaillard 从岩石地层学到年代地层等高线图的扭曲阻碍了对糖蜜来源、起源和沉积的识别，这与 EC 开发同时代。Abitagua 花岗岩毗邻巨大的 Pungarayacu 重油田，需要在 EC 下保持白垩纪烃源岩的连续性，也起到分离的作用。在强烈碰撞期间获得的高重力势能通过拉伸引力坍缩消散，以脚趾-推力耦合的形式向东调制，并利用白垩纪分离形成东科迪勒拉后楔，同时 WC 收缩变形，导致双向褶皱和逆冲带。