We developed a computational pipeline (now provided as a resource) for measuring morphological similarity between cortical surface sulci to construct a sulcal phenotype network (SPN) from each magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in an adult cohort (n = 34,725; 45–82 years). Networks estimated from pairwise similarities of 40 sulci on 5 morphological metrics comprised two clusters of sulci, represented also by the bimodal distribution of sulci on a linear-to-complex dimension. Linear sulci were more heritable and typically located in unimodal cortex, and complex sulci were less heritable and typically located in heteromodal cortex. Aligning these results with an independent fetal brain MRI cohort (n = 228; 21–36 gestational weeks), we found that linear sulci formed earlier, and the earliest and latest-forming sulci had the least between-adult variation. Using high-resolution maps of cortical gene expression, we found that linear sulcation is mechanistically underpinned by trans-sulcal gene expression gradients enriched for developmental processes.

中文翻译：

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与胎儿沟切时间和经沟基因表达梯度相关的成人脑沟形态的双峰分类法


我们开发了一个计算管道（现在作为资源提供），用于测量皮质表面沟之间的形态相似性，以从成人队列（n = 34,725;45-82 岁）的每次磁共振成像 （MRI） 扫描中构建脑沟表型网络 （SPN）。根据 5 个形态指标上 40 个脑沟的成对相似性估计的网络包括两个脑沟簇，也由脑沟在线性到复数维度上的双峰分布表示。线状脑沟的遗传性更强，通常位于单峰皮层，而复杂沟的遗传性较差，通常位于异峰皮层。将这些结果与独立的胎脑 MRI 队列 （n = 228;21-36 孕周） 保持一致，我们发现线状脑沟形成得更早，最早和最晚形成的脑沟在成人之间的差异最小。使用皮质基因表达的高分辨率图谱，我们发现线性沟作用在机制上由富含发育过程的经沟基因表达梯度支撑。