Terrestrial ecosystems play an important role in regulating the balance of global carbon cycle by sequestrating CO2 of atmosphere. Terrestrial ecosystem models are a critical tool for quantifying the magnitude, interannual variability and long-term trends of the land carbon sink across various spatial and temporal scales; however, despite extensive research, large uncertainties and challenges still persist. This review first summarizes decades of history in ecosystem model development in terms of model theory and methods. We then identify model uncertainties, including those arising from model algorithms, parameterization and forcing data. Finally, we propose new opportunities to improve ecosystem models for accurately simulating the land carbon sink, including emerging process-based knowledge from observations and big data, as well as model-data fusion methods.

中文翻译：

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陆地碳汇模拟：陆地生态系统模型的研究进展与挑战


陆地生态系统通过封存大气中的 CO2 在调节全球碳循环平衡方面发挥着重要作用。陆地生态系统模型是量化各种空间和时间尺度上陆地碳汇的量级、年际变化和长期趋势的关键工具;然而，尽管进行了广泛的研究，但巨大的不确定性和挑战仍然存在。本文首先从模型理论和方法两方面总结了几十年来生态系统模型发展的历史。然后，我们确定模型的不确定性，包括由模型算法、参数化和强制数据引起的不确定性。最后，我们提出了改进生态系统模型以准确模拟陆地碳汇的新机会，包括来自观测和大数据的新兴基于过程的知识，以及模型-数据融合方法。