Recently, fast radio bursts (FRBs) have become a thriving field in astronomy and cosmology. Due to their extragalactic and cosmological origin, they are useful to study the cosmic expansion and the intergalactic medium (IGM). In the literature, the dispersion measure (DM) of FRB has been considered extensively. It could be used as an indirect proxy of the luminosity distance dL of FRB. The observed DM contains the contributions from the Milky Way (MW), the MW halo, IGM, and the host galaxy. Unfortunately, IGM and the host galaxy of FRB are poorly known to date, and hence the large uncertainties of DMIGM and DMhost in DM plague the FRB cosmology. Could we avoid DM in studying cosmology? Could we instead consider the luminosity distance dL directly in the FRB cosmology? We are interested to find a way out for this problem in the present work. From the lessons of calibrating type Ia supernovae (SNIa) or long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as standard candles, we consider a universal subclassification scheme for FRBs, and there are some empirical relations for them. In the present work, we propose to calibrate type Ib FRBs as standard candles by using a tight empirical relation without DM. The calibrated type Ib FRBs at high redshifts can be used like SNIa to constrain the cosmological models. We also test the key factors affecting the calibration and the cosmological constraints. Notice that the results are speculative, since they are based on simulations for the future (instead of now). We stress that the point in the present work is just to propose a viable method and a workable pipeline using type Ib FRBs as standard candles for cosmology in the future.

中文翻译：

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快速射电暴作为宇宙学的标准蜡烛


最近，快速射电暴 （FRB） 已成为天文学和宇宙学中一个蓬勃发展的领域。由于它们的星系外和宇宙学起源，它们可用于研究宇宙膨胀和星系际介质 （IGM）。在文献中，FRB 的色散测量 （DM） 已被广泛考虑。它可以用作 FRB 光度距离 dL 的间接代理。观测到的 DM 包含来自银河系 （MW）、MW 晕、IGM 和宿主星系的贡献。不幸的是，IGM 和 FRB 的宿主星系迄今为止知之甚少，因此 DM 中 DMIGM 和 DMhost 的巨大不确定性困扰着 FRB 宇宙学。我们可以在研究宇宙学时避免 DM 吗？我们是否可以直接在 FRB 宇宙学中考虑光度距离 dL？我们有兴趣在目前的工作中为这个问题找到一条出路。从校准 Ia 型超新星 （SNIa） 或长伽马射线暴 （GRB） 作为标准烛光的经验教训中，我们考虑了 FRB 的通用子分类方案，并且它们有一些经验关系。在本工作中，我们建议通过使用没有 DM 的紧密经验关系将 Ib 型 FRB 校准为标准蜡烛。高红移的校准型 Ib FRBs 可以像 SNIa 一样用于约束宇宙学模型。我们还测试了影响校准的关键因素和宇宙学约束。请注意，结果是推测性的，因为它们基于对未来（而不是现在）的模拟。我们强调，目前工作的重点只是提出一种可行的方法和可行的管道，使用 Ib 型 FRB 作为未来宇宙学的标准蜡烛。