Service robots tackle labor shortages and improve customer experiences. While research has examined factors affecting robotic adoption, the impact of social crowdedness remains unexplored. Through a multi-experimental design, this study adopts a dual-role perspective to investigate how social crowdedness interacts with prominent robot-related factors (i.e., conversation initiation and personality), as a predictor and a moderator, in influencing robotic adoption intention in event settings. Key findings show that attendees are less willing to adopt robots in crowded settings, unless the robot initiates interaction, which are perceived as more intelligent and socially adept. The interaction between robot personality and social crowdedness reveals the contextual role of crowdedness in human-robot interactions, with social interactivity and perceived intelligence mediating the relationship. This study fills a critical gap in service robot literature by examining how social crowdedness influences human-robot interactions and intersects with key aspects of robot design. It also offers practical guidance for event organizers, suggesting collaboration with service partners to program robots for proactivity, personality, and crowdedness dependent.

中文翻译：

---

拥挤环境中的服务机器人：人群动态如何影响活动中机器人的采用意愿


服务机器人解决了劳动力短缺问题并改善了客户体验。虽然研究已经检查了影响机器人采用的因素，但社会拥挤的影响仍未得到探索。通过多实验设计，本研究采用双重角色视角来研究社会拥挤如何与突出的机器人相关因素（即对话发起和个性）相互作用，作为预测因子和调节因子，影响事件环境中机器人的采用意图。主要研究结果表明，与会者不太愿意在拥挤的环境中采用机器人，除非机器人发起互动，因为人们认为机器人更聪明且更擅长社交。机器人人格与社会拥挤度之间的互动揭示了拥挤度在人机互动中的情境作用，社交互动和感知智能是这种关系的中介。本研究通过研究社会拥挤如何影响人机交互并与机器人设计的关键方面相交，填补了服务机器人文献中的关键空白。它还为活动组织者提供实用指导，建议与服务合作伙伴合作，对机器人进行编程，使其具有主动性、个性和拥挤性。