A simple, green approach was developed to enhance the oil adsorption capacity of waste eggshell (WES) powder using gamma irradiation, with varying doses (0–10 kGy). Relevant properties (chemical composition, functional group, particle size, pore characteristics, thermal stability, morphology, and oil adsorption) of both non-irradiated and gamma-irradiated WES powders were determined and reported. The results indicated that gamma irradiation did not alter most properties of the WES powder, except for the pore characteristics and oil adsorption. Specifically, the WES powders irradiated with doses of 2 kGy and 10 kGy had substantially improved adsorption capabilities for engine oil and diesel, respectively, exhibiting approximately threefold enhancements compared to the non-irradiated ones. The suitable gamma-irradiated WES powder obtained from the first part was then incorporated into natural rubber foam (NRF) samples, with varying contents of 0–9 parts per hundred rubber (phr). Their respective properties, consisting of functional group, thermal stability, morphology, density, pore characteristics, and oil adsorption, were subsequently determined. The main findings revealed that the addition of 3–6 phr of gamma-irradiated WES powder increased the densities and oil adsorption capacities of the NRF/WES samples for both engine oil and diesel in comparison to those of neat NRF, while negligibly affecting other properties. The outcomes from this work suggested that gamma-irradiated WES powder not only improved the intended oil adsorption capacity of the NRF samples but also paved the way for alternative, greener approaches to replace the harmful chemical or energy-consuming procedures typically required for the modification/synthesis of similar substances or materials through gamma irradiation.

中文翻译：

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探索伽马射线辐照废蛋壳粉作为天然橡胶泡沫塑料中吸油剂的潜在利用


开发了一种简单的绿色方法，使用不同剂量 （0-10 kGy） 的伽马辐照来提高废蛋壳 （WES） 粉末的油吸附能力。确定并报告了未辐照和伽马辐照 WES 粉末的相关性质（化学成分、官能团、粒径、孔隙特性、热稳定性、形态和油吸附）。结果表明，伽马辐照不会改变 WES 粉末的大部分特性，除了孔隙特性和油吸附。具体来说，用 2 kGy 和 10 kGy 剂量照射的 WES 粉末分别显着提高了对发动机油和柴油的吸附能力，与未辐照的粉末相比，表现出大约三倍的增强。然后从第一部分获得的合适的伽马射线辐照 WES 粉末掺入天然橡胶泡沫 （NRF） 样品中，其含量为百分之 0-9 （phr）。随后确定了它们各自的性质，包括官能团、热稳定性、形态、密度、孔隙特性和油吸附。主要研究结果表明，与纯 NRF 相比，添加 3-6 份 γ 辐照 WES 粉末增加了发动机油和柴油中 NRF/WES 样品的密度和油吸附能力，而对其他特性的影响可以忽略不计。 这项工作的结果表明，γ 辐照 WES 粉末不仅提高了 NRF 样品的预期油吸附能力，而且还为替代、更环保的方法铺平了道路，以取代通过伽马辐照改性/合成类似物质或材料通常需要的有害化学或耗能程序。