Smallholder oil palm farmers have been pivotal in Indonesia's Crude Palm Oil (CPO) production for decades. However, their plantations' productivity lag behind private and government estates. Moreover, these farmers often resort to unsustainable practices. Replanting presents a viable solution to enhance sustainability by bolstering yields and mitigating harmful practices. The Indonesian government, through the Palm Oil Fund Management Agency (BPDPKS), offers subsidies to incentivize farmers to implement replanting. However, replanting program uptake remains low. This study aims to investigate factors underlying the smallholders' propensity to engage in replanting by examining (1) their intention (stated preference) to replant their oil palm plantation with the financing scheme from BPDPKS, and (2) their actual replanting implementation (revealed preference). Combining survey data with in-depth interviews, the research identifies three key factors influencing their decision: a lack of funds and financing access, difficulties in obtaining land ownership certificate and business registration certificates, and challenges to implement good agricultural practices. Encouraging smallholders to participate in the replanting program is crucial for curbing further land expansion, as this expansion poses a significant risk of encroaching on forests and protected areas. Findings from the analysis of both intention and actual implementation provide valuable insights into smallholders' perspectives on replanting, underlining the need for comprehensive policy development and implementation. This will secure full engagement of smallholder farmers in replanting program, which offers a critical path to prevent further loss of nature, particularly forested area, due to land expansion for oil palm plantations.

中文翻译：

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油棕再种植势在必行：小农户愿意参与吗？


几十年来，小农油棕种植户在印度尼西亚的毛棕榈油 （CPO） 生产中一直发挥着关键作用。然而，他们的种植园的生产力落后于私人和政府庄园。此外，这些农民经常采取不可持续的做法。重新种植提供了一种可行的解决方案，可以通过提高产量和减少有害做法来提高可持续性。印度尼西亚政府通过棕榈油基金管理局 （BPDPKS） 提供补贴，以激励农民实施再种植。然而，再种植计划的采用率仍然很低。本研究旨在通过检查 （1） 他们通过 BPDPKS 的融资计划重新种植油棕种植园的意图（陈述的偏好）和 （2） 他们的实际再种植实施情况（显示的偏好）来调查小农户参与再种植倾向的潜在因素。该研究将调查数据与深入访谈相结合，确定了影响他们决策的三个关键因素：缺乏资金和融资渠道、难以获得土地所有权证书和商业登记证书，以及实施良好农业规范的挑战。鼓励小农户参与重新种植计划对于遏制进一步的土地扩张至关重要，因为这种扩张会带来侵占森林和保护区的重大风险。对意图和实际实施的分析结果为小农户对再种植的看法提供了宝贵的见解，强调了全面政策制定和实施的必要性。 这将确保小农户充分参与再种植计划，这为防止因油棕种植园的土地扩张而进一步丧失自然，特别是森林面积提供了一条关键途径。