As the overall demand for wood-based products continues to grow, questions arise on how local wood resources and industry characteristics can effectively meet this growing demand. In the European Union (EU) 550 million m3 of wood is harvested annually, and is to a large extent processed by the wood industry. Little is known about the interplay between industrial capacity and the regional availability of timber resources. We compared the capacities from the European Forest Industry Facilities Database (EUFID) with the estimated wood supply from the procurement areas around processing industries, calculated using a spatially explicit resource model (EFISCEN-Space). We found that the estimated total capacity for the available European countries is 427 M m3 roundwood equivalent (rw. Eq.) for pulp and paper (including both virgin and recycled fibres), 102 M m3 for bioenergy (only bioenergy plants), and 153 M m3 for sawmills. We then conducted an in-depth analysis of three case studies: Norway, the Czech Republic, and Germany. Given the current probability of trees being harvested (excluding disturbances) and the hypothetical optimal grading of the logs, the volume for each assortment type is closely aligned with the current capacity of each industry branch, indicating no overcapacity. We found undersupply of softwood of 3.4 M m3 for the Czech Republic, 1.5 M m3 for Norway, and 3.8 M m3 for Germany. At the same time, in Germany, we found an oversupply of hardwood of 3.0 M m3. Additionally, a substantial amount of biomass graded as bioenergy was found for Germany and the Czech Republic, potentially serving as fuelwood in households. Concerning wood procurement areas, we concluded that a fixed radius of 100 km from the facility limited the availability of raw material procurement, particularly for bioenergy and pulp and paper mills, suggesting that these two product chains use a broader procurement basin than sawlogs. This study provides a high-resolution, spatially explicit modelling methodology for assessing the interaction between potential wood harvest and industrial processing capacity, which can support projections of sustainable development of the forest industry.

中文翻译：

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欧盟地区针叶木短缺和阔叶木供应的初步证据：使用欧洲林业数据库进行的空间分析


随着对木质产品的总体需求持续增长，当地木材资源和行业特点如何有效满足这一不断增长的需求出现了问题。在欧盟 （EU），每年采伐 5.5 亿 m3 的木材，其中大部分由木材工业加工。关于工业产能与区域木材资源可用性之间的相互作用，人们知之甚少。我们将欧洲林业设施数据库 （EUFID） 的容量与加工业周围采购区域的估计木材供应量进行了比较，使用空间显式资源模型 （EFISCEN-Space） 计算。我们发现，可用欧洲国家的估计总产能为 427 M m3 圆木当量 （rw. Eq.），用于纸浆和纸张（包括原生纤维和再生纤维），102 M m3 用于生物能源（仅生物能源工厂），以及 153 M m3 用于锯木厂。然后，我们对三个案例研究进行了深入分析：挪威、捷克共和国和德国。考虑到当前树木被采伐的可能性（不包括干扰）和假设的原木最佳分级，每种分类类型的数量与每个行业分支的当前产能密切相关，表明没有产能过剩。我们发现捷克共和国的针叶木供应不足为 3.4 M m3，挪威为 1.5 M m3，德国为 3.8 M m3。与此同时，在德国，我们发现硬木供过于求，达到 3.0 M m3。此外，德国和捷克共和国发现了大量被分级为生物能源的生物质，可能用作家庭的薪柴。 关于木材采购区域，我们得出结论，距离工厂 100 公里的固定半径限制了原材料采购的可用性，特别是对于生物能源以及纸浆和造纸厂，这表明这两个产品链使用的采购盆地比锯木更广。本研究提供了一种高分辨率、空间明确的建模方法，用于评估潜在木材采伐和工业加工能力之间的相互作用，这可以支持对林业可持续发展的预测。