Tropical deforestation pressures remain high, but in some areas, forest cover persists, re-emerges, or even expands. Uncovering the driving factors of such a shift has incessantly focused on biophysical and economic development changes, especially at national and regional levels, but evidence on the role of governance remains case-based and inconsistent. This article investigates the role of community and participatory governance arrangements and socio-political institutions at the local level in fostering forest re-emergence and their persistence over time. Using an archetype approach, this study conducts a meta-analysis of 42 empirical studies to identify recurrent patterns of institutions and their impact pathways that explain how forest persistence and re-emergence in the tropics occur. The results show that while forest re-emergence is achieved mainly through three archetypical pathways: collective action, adaptive collaborations, decentralisation, and recognition of local management, forest persistence is uniquely associated with cultural protection pathways. These pathways are activated by collaborative institutions, a mix of formal and informal institutions, and customary institutions. Chiefly, the study emphasises the relevance of local social agencies and institutional arrangements. Yet it also shows the supportive contributions of external actors to forest re-emergence when interventions meet local needs and conditions. Moreso, the results also reveal that forest persistence and re-emergence, to some extent, have socio-economic trade-offs. Policy and institutional implications for enhancing local self-organisation, adaptive governance, rights-based reforestation, and formal protection of sacred natural sites are therefore put forward.

中文翻译：

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为什么森林会在热带森林砍伐压力下持续存在并重新出现？治理原型和影响路径


热带森林砍伐压力仍然很高，但在某些地区，森林覆盖率持续存在、重新出现，甚至扩大。揭示这种转变的驱动因素一直集中在生物物理和经济发展变化上，尤其是在国家和区域层面，但关于治理作用的证据仍然基于案例且不一致。本文研究了地方一级的社区和参与式治理安排以及社会政治机构在促进森林重新出现及其长期持续性方面的作用。本研究使用原型方法对 42 项实证研究进行了荟萃分析，以确定机构的反复模式及其影响途径，这些途径解释了热带地区森林的持久性和重新出现是如何发生的。结果表明，虽然森林重新出现主要通过三种原型途径实现：集体行动、适应性合作、权力下放和承认当地管理，但森林持久性与文化保护途径具有独特的关联。这些途径由合作机构、正式和非正式机构以及传统机构激活。该研究主要强调了当地社会机构和制度安排的相关性。然而，它也表明，当干预措施满足当地需求和条件时，外部行为者对森林重新崛起的支持性贡献。此外，研究结果还表明，森林的持久性和重新出现在某种程度上存在社会经济权衡。因此，提出了加强地方自组织、适应性治理、基于权利的重新造林和正式保护神圣自然遗址的政策和制度影响。