Climate warming has induced pronounced shifts in the phenology of alpine plants worldwide, yet the impact of these changes on plant reproduction remains unclear, although phenology plays a vital role in reproduction. Based on a 7‐year field warming and altered precipitation experiment initiated in 2017, we measured three reproductive phenological events and seven reproductive traits of six dominant species, belonging to two flowering functional groups, to assess the effects of climate change on reproductive phenology and the reproductive consequence of changing the phenology in an alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau from 2021 to 2023. Warming significantly advanced the start of flowering in early‐spring flowering (ESF) and mid‐summer flowering (MSF) plants, while the fruiting period of ESF plants remained stable. Furthermore, warming led to a decrease in the number of seeds and productivity of alpine plants, while seed size remained stable. Phenological changes regulate the reproductive success of alpine plants. Specifically, the start of flowering for ESF plants and the start of fruiting for MSF plants regulated the number of seeds and productivity of the two flowering functional groups, respectively. The increase in phenological niche overlap and intensification of interspecific competition, caused by different phenological responses of the flowering functional groups to warming, also are key factors contributing to the decline in seed production of alpine plants. Synthesis. These results demonstrate that the reproductive success of alpine plants would be decreased by earlier reproduction under climate warming, and alpine plants tend to maintain stable seed size in response to climate change. Our study emphasizes the important regulatory and indicative role of reproductive phenology in the sexual reproduction of alpine plants under future climate change.

中文翻译：

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物候变暖对高山植物繁殖成功的间接影响


气候变暖导致全球高山植物物候发生明显变化，但这些变化对植物繁殖的影响仍不清楚，尽管物候在繁殖中起着至关重要的作用。基于 2017 年启动的 7 年田间变暖和改变降水实验，我们测量了 6 个优势种的 3 个生殖物候事件和 7 个繁殖性状，隶属于 2 个开花功能群，以评估 2021 年至 2023 年气候变化对青藏高原东部高寒草甸生殖物候的影响以及改变物候变化的生殖后果。早春开花 （ESF） 和仲夏开花 （MSF） 植物，而 ESF 植物的果期保持稳定。此外，变暖导致高山植物的种子数量和生产力下降，而种子大小保持稳定。物候变化调节高山植物的繁殖成功。具体来说，ESF 植物的开花开始和 MSF 植物的开始结果分别调节两个开花官能团的种子数量和生产力。开花功能群对变暖的不同物候响应引起的物候重叠的增加和种间竞争的加剧也是导致高山植物种子产量下降的关键因素。合成。这些结果表明，在气候变暖的情况下，高山植物的繁殖成功率会因早期繁殖而降低，并且高山植物倾向于保持稳定的种子大小以应对气候变化。 我们的研究强调了生殖物候在未来气候变化下高山植物有性繁殖中的重要调节和指示作用。