The development of flexible smart conductive fabrics is crucial for applications in smart healthcare and signal transmission during hazardous rescue operations. However, environmental challenges such as moisture, dirt, mechanical abrasion, and bacteria can significantly impair their electronic performance. Herein, we introduce a novel two-layered coating strategy that integrates silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and modified silica nanoparticles (QSi) with waterborne polyurethane (WPU) to develop multifunctional superhydrophobic conductive coatings. The inner composite layer, combining WPU with Ag NPs, guarantees high conductivity (5.22 S·cm^–1) and mechanical durability. The outer shell layer, created by spraying a mixture of WPU and QSi, provides a robust superhydrophobic barrier, maintaining a water contact angle above 150° and resistance below 80 Ω even after 200 kneading cycles. Additionally, the coated fabric exhibits satisfactory self-cleaning, antifouling, low water adhesion (32.95 μN), drag reduction (supporting approximately 11 times its weight on water), and appreciable antibacterial activity (>99.99%), ensuring its long-term stability in harsh conditions. By integrating conductivity with superhydrophobicity, flexibility, and wearability, this smart fabric presents a promising strategy for precise underwater detection, such as monitoring swimming movements or finger bending, while also offering safety alert signals in challenging wet environments.

中文翻译：

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基于球形银纳米颗粒和水性聚氨酯的导电超疏水智能涂料，用于柔性和可穿戴电子产品


柔性智能导电织物的开发对于智能医疗保健和危险救援行动中的信号传输应用至关重要。然而，潮湿、污垢、机械磨损和细菌等环境挑战会严重损害其电子性能。在此，我们介绍了一种新颖的两层涂层策略，将银纳米颗粒 （Ag NPs） 和改性二氧化硅纳米颗粒 （QSi） 与水性聚氨酯 （WPU） 相结合，以开发多功能超疏水导电涂料。内部复合层将 WPU 与 Ag NP 相结合，保证了高导电性 （5.22 S·cm^–1） 和机械耐久性。通过喷涂 WPU 和 QSi 的混合物形成的外壳层提供了强大的超疏水屏障，即使在 200 次揉捏循环后，也能保持 150° 以上的水接触角和低于 80 Ω的阻力。此外，涂层织物表现出令人满意的自清洁、防污、低水粘附性 （32.95 μN）、减阻性（支撑大约其重量的 11 倍）和明显的抗菌活性 （>99.99%），确保其在恶劣条件下的长期稳定性。通过将导电性与超疏水性、柔韧性和耐磨性相结合，这种智能织物为精确的水下检测提供了一种很有前途的策略，例如监测游泳动作或手指弯曲，同时还可以在具有挑战性的潮湿环境中提供安全警报信号。