Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a representative biobased and biodegradable aliphatic polyester and a front-runner among sustainable materials. As a semicrystalline thermoplastic, PLA exhibits excellent mechanical and physical properties, attracting considerable attention in commodity and medical fields. Stereochemistry is a key factor affecting PLA's properties, and to this end, the engineering of PLA's microstructure for tailored material properties has been an active area of research over the decade. This Review first covers the basic structural variety of PLA. A perspective on the current states of stereocontrolled synthesis as well as the relationships between the structures and properties of PLA stereosequences are included, with an emphasis on record regularity and properties. At last, state-of-the-art examples of high-performance PLA-based materials within an array of applications are given, including packaging, fibers, and textiles, healthcare and electronic devices. Among various stereo-regular sequences of PLA, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is the most prominent category and has myriad unique properties and applications. In this regard, cutting-edge applications of PLLA are mainly overviewed in this review. At the same time, new materials developed based on other PLA stereosequences are highlighted, which holds the potential to a wide variety of PLA-based sustainable materials.

中文翻译：

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聚乳酸：立体化学的最新进展和新材料工程


聚乳酸 （PLA） 是一种具有代表性的生物基和可生物降解的脂肪族聚酯，是可持续材料中的领跑者。作为一种半结晶热塑性塑料，PLA 表现出优异的机械和物理性能，在日用品和医疗领域引起了相当大的关注。立体化学是影响 PLA 性能的关键因素，为此，PLA 微观结构的工程设计以定制材料性能一直是十年来的一个活跃研究领域。本综述首先介绍了 PLA 的基本结构种类。包括对立体控制合成的当前状态以及 PLA 立体序列的结构和性质之间的关系的看法，重点是记录的规律性和性质。最后，给出了一系列应用中基于 PLA 的高性能材料的最新示例，包括包装、纤维和纺织品、医疗保健和电子设备。在 PLA 的各种立体规则序列中，聚 L-乳酸 （PLLA） 是最突出的类别，具有无数独特的特性和应用。在这方面，本文主要概述了 PLLA 的前沿应用。同时，强调了基于其他 PLA 立体序列开发的新材料，这些材料具有各种基于 PLA 的可持续材料的潜力。