Oil spills frequently cause devastating impacts on coastal ecosystems and communities. Spill response methods for coastal regions, such as spill-treating agents, sorbents, and bioremediation, may face constraints due to environmental concerns, limited absorption capacity, and low effectiveness. Fortunately, the emergence of nanomaterials with unique properties has introduced promising solutions for coastal oil spill remediation. These nanomaterials have shown great potential in oil removal, recovery, and degradation through different mechanisms. Nanoparticles or nanocomposites can interact with spilled oil by breaking it into small droplets and forming stable Pickering emulsions. They can also remove oil from water by absorption, adsorption, or in combination with both due to their large surface area and numerous sorption sites. Furthermore, some nanomaterials possess catalytic activity to speed up the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons into less harmful compounds. Moreover, the introduction of nanomaterials can be beneficial for bacteria proliferation, nutrient supply, and maintenance of favorable conditions, thereby accelerating the oil biodegradation process by microorganisms. In this perspective, we discussed the interactions between nanomaterials and oil, as well as their applications in various coastal oil spill response methods.

中文翻译：

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用于沿海地区溢油响应和清理的纳米技术


石油泄漏经常对沿海生态系统和社区造成毁灭性影响。沿海地区的泄漏响应方法，例如泄漏处理剂、吸附剂和生物修复，可能会因环境问题、吸收能力有限和效率低下而面临限制。幸运的是，具有独特性能的纳米材料的出现为沿海溢油修复带来了有前途的解决方案。这些纳米材料通过不同的机制在除油、回收和降解方面显示出巨大的潜力。纳米颗粒或纳米复合材料可以通过将溢出的油分解成小液滴并形成稳定的皮克林乳液来与溢出的油相互作用。由于它们的表面积大，吸附位点众多，它们还可以通过吸收、吸附或与两者结合来去除水中的油。此外，一些纳米材料具有催化活性，可加速石油烃降解为危害较小的化合物。此外，纳米材料的引入有利于细菌增殖、营养供应和维持有利条件，从而加速微生物的油生物降解过程。从这个角度来看，我们讨论了纳米材料与石油之间的相互作用，以及它们在各种沿海溢油响应方法中的应用。