Over the preceding years, nickel (Ni) and its compounds have been increasingly employed in various aspects of human social life, metallurgical/industrial manufactures, healthcare and chemical processes. Although Ni is considered as an essential trace element in biological system, excessive intake or metabolic deficiency of Ni2+ ions may cause detrimental health effects to the living organisms. Therefore, a facile and accurate detection of Ni2+, especially in environment and biological settings, is of huge significance. As an efficient detection method, assaying Ni2+ using optical (colorimetric and/or fluorogenic) sensors has experienced quite a vigorous growth period with large number of excellent researches. Nanomaterial-based optical sensors including metal nanoparticles (MNPs), quantum dots (QDs), and carbon dots (CDs) offer distinct advantages over conventional small-molecule organic and inorganic sensors. This study mainly provides an overview of the recent advancements and challenges related to the design strategies of various optical nanosensors to selectively detect Ni2+ ion. Emphasis has also been placed on comparing the sensing performance of various nanosensors along with exploring future perspectives.

中文翻译：

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纳米粒子和量子点作为新兴的 Ni（II） 检测光学传感平台：最近的方法和前景


在过去的几年里，镍 （Ni） 及其化合物越来越多地用于人类社会生活、冶金/工业制造、医疗保健和化学过程的各个方面。虽然 Ni 被认为是生物系统中必需的微量元素，但过量摄入 Ni2+ 离子或代谢不足可能会对生物体的健康造成不利影响。因此，简单准确地检测 Ni2+，尤其是在环境和生物环境中，具有巨大的意义。作为一种有效的检测方法，使用光学（比色和/或荧光）传感器测定 Ni2+ 经历了相当旺盛的成长期，并有大量优秀的研究。基于纳米材料的光学传感器包括金属纳米颗粒 （MNP）、量子点 （QD） 和碳点 （CD），与传统的小分子有机和无机传感器相比具有明显的优势。本研究主要概述了与各种光学纳米传感器选择性检测 Ni2+ 离子的设计策略相关的最新进展和挑战。此外，还重点放在比较各种纳米传感器的传感性能以及探索未来前景上。