Graphene oxide templated carbon framework (GOTCF) was synthesized on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) as a highly efficient catalyst for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). A two-step synthesis involving microwave irradiation and post-treatment resulted in enhanced catalytic performance towards vanadium ion redox reactions (VIRR) through the formation of graphitic carbon with porous structure and high oxygen-containing functional group content. Subsequent to post-treatment, a 15-fold increase in surface area with a predominantly mesoporous feature compared to pristine GO was observed without a significant decrease in oxygen content, optimizing electron and ion transport, thereby enhancing catalytic activity towards VIRR. Electrochemical evaluations demonstrated the superior performance of the GOTCF electrodes for VIRR, as evidenced by the greater than 50 % reduction in charge transfer resistance and approximately 30 % higher peak current densities compared to those of the electrode utilizing pristine GO. Single-cell VRFB tests revealed that the GOTCF-based electrodes achieved significantly higher energy efficiencies and stable capacity performance, even under high current density conditions (400 mA cm−2). Moreover, after 500 cycles, the GOTCF electrodes retained over 89.3 % of their initial capacity, surpassing the durability of GF and GF/GO electrodes, thus confirming their potential as robust catalysts for VRFB applications.

中文翻译：

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介孔石墨烯碳在氧化石墨烯上：一种用于钒氧化还原液流电池的高性能催化剂


在氧化石墨烯 （GO） 表面合成了氧化石墨烯模板碳框架 （GOTCF），作为钒氧化还原液流电池 （VRFB） 的高效催化剂。涉及微波辐照和后处理的两步合成通过形成具有多孔结构和高含氧官能团含量的石墨碳，增强了对钒离子氧化还原反应 （VIRR） 的催化性能。后处理后，与原始 GO 相比，观察到表面积增加了 15 倍，并且具有主要介孔特征，氧含量没有显着降低，优化了电子和离子传输，从而提高了对 VIR 的催化活性。电化学评估表明，GOTCF 电极在 VIRR 中的性能优异，与使用原始 GO 的电极相比，电荷转移电阻降低了 50% 以上，峰值电流密度提高了约 30%。单节 VRFB 测试表明，即使在高电流密度条件下 （400 mA cm-2），基于 GOTCF 的电极也实现了显着更高的能效和稳定的容量性能。此外，经过 500 次循环后，GOTCF 电极保留了其初始容量的 89.3% 以上，超过了 GF 和 GF/GO 电极的耐用性，从而证实了它们作为 VRFB 应用的稳健催化剂的潜力。