Chaotic (bio)printing, an innovative fabrication technique that uses chaotic flows to create highly ordered microstructures within materials, may be transformative for drug delivery systems. This review explores the principles underlying chaotic flows and their application in fabricating complex, multi-material constructs designed for advanced drug delivery and controlled release. Chaotic printing enables the precise layering of different active ingredients—a feature that may greatly facilitate the development of polypills with customizable release profiles. Recently, chaos-assisted fabrication has been extended to produce micro-architected hydrogel spheres in a high-throughput manner, potentially enhancing the versatility and efficiency of drug delivery methods. In addition, chaotic bioprinting enables the creation of evolved tissue models that more accurately emulate physiological systems, providing a more relevant platform for drug testing. This review also highlights the unique advantages of chaotic printing, including the ability to fabricate tissues with organized porosity and pre-vascularized structures, addressing critical challenges in tissue engineering. Despite its promising capabilities, challenges remain, particularly in expanding the range of materials compatible with chaotic printing. Continued research and development in this area are essential to fully realize the potential of chaotic (bio)printing in advancing drug delivery, paving the way for the next generation of smart drug delivery systems and functional tissue models for drug testing.

中文翻译：

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药物递送系统背景下的混沌（生物）打印


混沌（生物）打印是一种创新的制造技术，它使用混沌流在材料内创建高度有序的微观结构，可能会对药物输送系统产生变革性影响。这篇综述探讨了混沌流的原理及其在制造复杂的多材料结构中的应用，这些结构旨在实现先进的药物递送和控释。混沌打印可实现不同活性成分的精确分层——这一功能可以极大地促进具有可定制释放曲线的复方药丸的开发。最近，混沌辅助制造已扩展到以高通量方式生产微架构的水凝胶球体，从而可能提高药物递送方法的多功能性和效率。此外，混沌生物打印能够创建更准确地模拟生理系统的进化组织模型，为药物测试提供更相关的平台。这篇综述还强调了混沌打印的独特优势，包括能够制造具有有序孔隙率和预血管化结构的组织，从而解决组织工程中的关键挑战。尽管其功能前景广阔，但挑战仍然存在，尤其是在扩大与混乱打印兼容的材料范围方面。该领域的持续研究和开发对于充分实现混沌（生物）打印在推进药物递送方面的潜力至关重要，为下一代智能药物递送系统和用于药物检测的功能性组织模型铺平道路。