Ischemic stroke (IS), accounting for 87 % of stroke incidences, constitutes a paramount health challenge owing to neurological impairments and irreversible tissue damage arising from cerebral ischemia. Chief among therapeutic obstacles are the restrictive penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and insufficient targeting precision, hindering the accumulation of drugs in ischemic brain areas. Motivated by the remarkable capabilities of natural membrane-based delivery vehicles in achieving targeted delivery and traversing the BBB, thanks to their biocompatible architecture and bioactive components, numerous membrane-engineered systems such as cells, cell membranes and extracellular vesicles have emerged as promising platforms to augment IS treatment efficacy with the help of nanotechnology. This review consolidates the primary pathological manifestations following IS, elucidates the unique functionalities of natural membrane drug delivery systems (DDSs) with nanotechnology, as well as delineates the structural characteristics of various natural membranes alongside rational design strategies employed. The review illuminates both the potential and challenges encountered when employing natural membrane DDSs in IS drug therapy, offering fresh perspectives and insights for devising efficacious and practical delivery systems tailored to IS intervention.

中文翻译：

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配备天然膜结构的细胞启发式输送系统，用于挽救缺血性中风


缺血性中风 （IS） 占中风发病率的 87%，由于脑缺血引起的神经损伤和不可逆的组织损伤，它构成了最重要的健康挑战。治疗障碍中的主要问题是血脑屏障 （BBB） 的穿透受限和靶向精度不足，阻碍了药物在缺血脑区的积累。得益于基于天然膜的递送载体在实现靶向递送和穿越 BBB 方面的卓越能力，由于其生物相容性结构和生物活性成分，许多膜工程系统（如细胞、细胞膜和细胞外囊泡）已成为在纳米技术的帮助下增强 IS 治疗效果的有前途的平台。本文总结了 IS 后的主要病理表现，阐明了采用纳米技术的天然膜药物递送系统 （DDS） 的独特功能，并描述了各种天然膜的结构特征以及所采用的合理设计策略。本综述阐明了在 IS 药物治疗中使用天然膜 DDS 时遇到的潜力和挑战，为设计适合 IS 干预的有效和实用的给药系统提供了新的视角和见解。