Low humification and nitrogen loss pose substantial challenges to the resource utilization in kitchen waste composting. This study investigated the effects of brown-rot fungi (BRF), cellulolytic nitrogen fixing bacteria (CNFB), and their composite microbial inoculants (CMI) during composting. Results indicated that microbial inoculants extended the thermophilic phase and enhanced cellulose degradation. Compared with the control, the degree of polymerization (HA/FA) in BRF, CNFB, and CMI was 2.28, 1.85, and 2.68 times higher, respectively, while increasing total nitrogen by 11.15%, 15.50%, and 19.73%. BRF and CMI primarily enhanced the Maillard humification pathway, while CNFB promoted the polyphenol humification pathway. Additionally, BRF enhanced nitrification and reduced denitrification, whereas CNFB and CMI improved nitrification, nitrogen fixation, and ammonification while reducing denitrification. Overall, BRF primarily promoted humification, while CNFB excelled in nitrogen retention. The CMI achieved optimal humification and nitrogen retention, indicating a potential sustainable solution for kitchen waste composting.

中文翻译：

---

纤维素分解固氮复合孕育剂对餐厨垃圾堆肥中腐殖化途径和氮循环的影响


低腐殖化和低氮损失对厨余垃圾堆肥的资源利用构成了重大挑战。本研究调查了褐腐菌 （BRF）、纤维素分解固氮菌 （CNFB） 及其复合微生物接种剂 （CMI） 在堆肥过程中的影响。结果表明，微生物接种剂延长了嗜热相并增强了纤维素降解。与对照相比，BRF 、 CNFB 和 CMI 中的聚合度 （HA/FA） 分别高 2.28 倍、 1.85 和 2.68 倍，总氮增加 11.15 倍、 15.50% 和 19.73%。BRF 和 CMI 主要增强美拉德腐殖化途径，而 CNFB 促进多酚腐殖化途径。此外，BRF 增强了硝化作用并减少了反硝化作用，而 CNFB 和 CMI 改善了硝化作用、固氮和氨化作用，同时减少了反式作用。总体而言，BRF 主要促进腐殖化，而 CNFB 在氮保留方面表现出色。CMI 实现了最佳的腐殖化和氮保留，表明厨房垃圾堆肥是一种潜在的可持续解决方案。