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Proanthocyanidins mitigate the toxic effects in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) exposed to phenanthrene via Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway
Aquatic Toxicology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107158
Qiongya Fang, Ke Li, Xinyu Zhang, Xiaorui Liu, Siqi Jiao, Li Sun, Min Li, Guiqin Wang, Yidi Kong

Phenanthrene (PHE) is a typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound that is ubiquitous in the environment and accumulates in aquatic products, thereby posing a risk to food safety. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) is widely distributed powerful antioxidants with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the alleviating effects of dietary OPC on oxidative stress, inflammatory suppression, and tissue damage caused by PHE exposure in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). In the study, loach was continuously exposed to 2.36 mg/L PHE for 28 days, after which they were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg OPC. The results displayed that PHE exposure resulted in significantly increased levels of liver health parameters (AST, ALT, COR, LDH, and ADA) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The PHE-exposed fish showed the lowest levels of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GSH, GST, GSH-Px, and GR) and the greatest levels of oxidative stress parameters (ROS and MDA). PHE exposure resulted in down-regulation of nrf2, ho-1, gsh-px, gst, and nqo-1, and up-regulation of keap-1 gene expressions in loach (P < 0.05). Moreover, PHE-induced decreased the levels of immunity indicators (CRP, MPO, C3, C4, IgM, and LYS). An up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes (nf-κb, il-1β, il-8, il-6, il-12, and tnf-α) and a down-regulation of anti-inflammatory gene il-10 were the consequences of the PHE exposure. In addition, tissues showed histopathological alterations including vacuolization (liver), displaced nuclei (liver), atrophy (gills), glomerular congestion (kidney), and inflammatory cell infiltration (spleen) caused by PHE. Notably, dietary supplementation of OPC augmented immuno-antioxidant parameters, including their key genes, reduced oxidative stress and immunosuppression, and ameliorated tissue damage compared to fish exposed to PHE. In summary, supplementation with 400 mg/kg OPC in the diets could effectively alleviate the oxidative damage and inflammatory response induced by PHE exposure in loach through the Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway and enhance the defense ability against toxic substances of loach.

中文翻译:


原花青素减轻通过 Nrf2/NF-κB 信号通路暴露于菲的泥鳅 (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) 的毒性作用



菲 (PHE) 是一种典型的多环芳烃化合物,在环境中无处不在,并在水产品中积累,从而对食品安全构成风险。低聚原花青素 (OPC) 是广泛分布的强效抗氧化剂,具有强大的抗氧化和抗炎特性。本研究旨在评估膳食 OPC 对泥鳅 (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) 暴露引起的 PHE 暴露对氧化应激、炎症抑制和组织损伤的缓解作用。在研究中,泥鳅连续暴露于 2.36 mg/L PHE 28 天,之后喂食补充有 0、200、400 或 800 mg/kg OPC 的基础日粮。结果显示,与对照组相比,PHE 暴露导致肝脏健康参数 (AST、ALT、COR、LDH 和 ADA) 水平显着增加 (P < 0.05)。暴露于 PHE 的鱼表现出最低水平的抗氧化酶 (CAT、SOD、GSH、GST、GSH-Px 和 GR) 和最高水平的氧化应激参数 (ROS 和 MDA)。PHE 暴露导致泥鳅 nrf2 、 ho-1 、 gsh-px 、 gst 和 nqo-1 下调,keap-1 基因表达上调 (P < 0.05)。此外,PHE 诱导的免疫指标 (CRP 、 MPO 、 C3 、 C4 、 IgM 和 LYS ) 水平降低。促炎基因 (nf-κb、il-1β、il-8、il-6、il-12 和 tnf-α) 的上调和抗炎基因 il-10 的下调是 PHE 暴露的结果。此外,组织显示 PHE 引起的组织病理学改变,包括空泡化 (肝脏) 、移位核 (肝脏) 、萎缩 (鳃) 、肾小球充血 (肾脏) 和炎性细胞浸润 (脾脏)。 值得注意的是,与暴露于 PHE 的鱼相比,OPC 的膳食补充剂增强了免疫抗氧化参数,包括其关键基因,减少了氧化应激和免疫抑制,并改善了组织损伤。综上所述,在日粮中添加 400 mg/kg OPC 可通过 Nrf2/NF-κB 信号通路有效缓解 PHE 暴露在泥鳅中诱导的氧化损伤和炎症反应,增强泥鳅对有毒物质的防御能力。
更新日期:2024-11-08
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