The vast energy stored in the ocean, which receives an average solar power of ≈60 000 TW per year, surpasses human energy consumption by three orders of magnitude. Harnessing even a small fraction of it holds great promise in addressing global energy and water crises. Here, an integrated device that achieves unprecedented power density up to 1.1 W m−2 with excellent stability through a salinity concentration gradient induced by solar evaporation, while simultaneously producing clean water at a rate of 1.25 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun irradiation is presented. The remarkable electricity generation capability stems from the unique interlayer structure of polyaniline‐graphene oxide‐MnO2 (PANI@GO/MnO2) electrodes, enabling the recovery of electrochemical potentials from a wide range of ion salinity concentrations within the device and the additional Donnan potential generated by the anion‐exchange membrane. Furthermore, periodic flipping of the device effectively reactivates the electrodes and suppresses salt accumulation, enabling long‐term operation. Notably, a prototype device of 8 × 25 cm2 exhibits a short‐circuit current of 10 mA and an open‐circuit voltage of 10.2 V, as well as a clean water production rate of 24.8 g per hour. These findings shed light on the reliable technology for power and freshwater supply in marine environments.

中文翻译：

---

用于长期盐度梯度能量收集和同步太阳能蒸汽生成的高效系统


海洋中储存的巨大能量平均每年接收 ≈ 60 000 TW 的太阳能，比人类能源消耗高出三个数量级。即使利用其中的一小部分，也能在解决全球能源和水危机方面大有希望。在这里，提出了一种集成设备，它通过太阳蒸发引起的盐度浓度梯度实现了前所未有的高达 1.1 W m-2 的功率密度和出色的稳定性，同时在一次太阳照射下以 1.25 kg m-2 h-1 的速率产生清洁水。卓越的发电能力源于聚苯胺-氧化石墨烯-MnO2 （PANI@GO/MnO2） 电极独特的层间结构，能够从器件内的各种离子盐度浓度中回收电化学电位，以及阴离子交换膜产生的额外唐南电位。此外，设备的周期性翻转可有效地重新激活电极并抑制盐分积累，从而实现长期运行。值得注意的是，8 × 25 cm2 的原型设备具有 10 mA 的短路电流和 10.2 V 的开路电压，以及每小时 24.8 g 的清洁水生产速率。这些发现揭示了海洋环境中可靠的电力和淡水供应技术。