Anthocyanins, the main phenolic compounds responsible for the color of red grapes and wines, exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and offer various health benefits for humans. Currently, climate change can affect grape quality by causing a decoupling between the technological and phenolic maturities of the grapes. Foliar application of methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and urea (Ur) can be a tool to mitigate the global warming effects in the vineyard. The aim of this work was to study i) the development of anthocyanin content in ‘Tempranillo’ grapes along the ripening process, and ii) the effect of foliar application of MeJ and MeJ+Ur on these phenolic compounds over two vintages (2019 and 2020). Overall, in the first vintage, anthocyanins peaked in their concentrations in the pre-harvest or harvest moments; whereas in the second vintage, the highest contents of these phenolic compounds were reached at harvest time, after that, a maintenance or decreased of their concentrations was observed. In both vintages, non-acylated anthocyanins was the most abundant family of anthocyanins. Foliar application of MeJ+Ur was more effective in enhancing anthocyanin biosynthesis than MeJ treatment, which also increased anthocyanin content compared to control grapes. Therefore, MeJ and Ur foliar treatment could present a synergy in anthocyanin biosynthesis by the plant. Moreover, the impact of these applications varied across vintages, and also the content of anthocyanins in grapes, probably due to different climatological conditions. Consequently, the two foliar treatments, MeJ and MeJ+Ur, could be a suitable tool to increase anthocyanins biosynthesis in grapes, and thus improve grape quality.

中文翻译：

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单独叶面施用茉莉酸甲酯或与尿素一起叶面施用对葡萄成熟过程中花青素含量的影响


花青素是决定红葡萄和葡萄酒颜色的主要酚类化合物，具有抗氧化和抗菌特性，并为人类提供各种健康益处。目前，气候变化会导致葡萄的技术成熟度和酚类成熟度脱钩，从而影响葡萄的品质。叶面施用茉莉酸甲酯 （MeJ） 和尿素 （UR） 可以成为减轻葡萄园全球变暖影响的工具。这项工作的目的是研究 i） “丹魄”葡萄在成熟过程中花青素含量的发展，以及 ii） 在两个年份（2019 年和 2020 年）叶面喷施 MeJ 和 MeJ+Ur 对这些酚类化合物的影响。总体而言，在第一个年份，花青素浓度在采收前或采收时达到峰值;在第二个年份，这些酚类化合物的含量在收获时达到最高，之后观察到其浓度维持或降低。在这两个年份中，非酰化花色苷是花色苷中含量最丰富的家族。叶面喷施 MeJ+U 比 MeJ 处理更有效地增强花青素生物合成，与对照葡萄相比，MeJ 处理还增加了花青素含量。因此，MeJ 和您的叶面处理可以在植物的花青素生物合成中产生协同作用。此外，这些应用的影响因年份而异，葡萄中花青素的含量也不同，这可能是由于不同的气候条件。因此，两种叶面处理，MeJ 和 MeJ+Ur，可能是增加葡萄花青素生物合成的合适工具，从而提高葡萄质量。