We analyze emissions and associated damages from the top 100 industrial CO2 emitters in the EU using data from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register, the EU Transaction Log, population grids, and regional information. These top emitters account for 19% of total EU CO2 emissions, 39% of industrial CO2 emissions, as well as a third of industrial SOx and NOx emissions, and a significant share of industrial PM10 emissions. In 2017, monetized damages of hazardous co-pollutants range from 20 to 67 billion Euros, and combined co-pollutant and climate damages amount to between 92 and 260 billion Euros. The top 100 alone would exhaust the EU’s carbon budget in a few decades. The joint climate and co-pollutant damages of a significant number of the top 100 exceed the economic value generated by the entire industry sector in their respective regions, indicating substantial underregulation. Yet the top 100 received free EU Emissions Trading System permits for 27% of their carbon emissions. Many top emitters are located in densely populated regions, with 3.1% of EU’s population living within 10 kilometers of a Carbon Giant. Our analysis reveals the critical importance of addressing major emitters in research and policymaking.

中文翻译：

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碳巨头：探索欧盟前 100 大工业二氧化碳排放国


我们使用来自欧洲污染物排放和转移登记册、欧盟交易日志、人口网格和区域信息的数据，分析了欧盟前 100 个工业 CO2 排放国的排放和相关损害。这些主要排放国占欧盟 CO2 总排放量的 19%，占工业 CO2 排放量的 39%，占工业 SOx 和 NOx 排放量的三分之一，以及工业 PM10 排放量的很大一部分。2017 年，有害混合污染物的货币化损失在 20 至 670 亿欧元之间，混合污染物和气候损失的总和在 92 至 2600 亿欧元之间。仅前 100 名就足以在几十年内耗尽欧盟的碳预算。前 100 名中相当一部分的气候和共污染共同损害超过了各自地区整个工业部门产生的经济价值，这表明监管严重不足。然而，前 100 名获得了免费的欧盟排放交易系统许可证，占其碳排放量的 27%。许多主要排放国位于人口稠密地区，3.1% 的欧盟人口居住在碳巨人 10 公里范围内。我们的分析揭示了在研究和政策制定中解决主要排放国的至关重要性。