This paper introduces an analytical model that characterizes the incentives of the manufacturing industry, consumers, and waste management sectors in closing the material loop. To address identified market failures, various policy instruments are evaluated both theoretically and numerically, using the example of the EU PET market. The assessment shows that a policy package consisting of carbon pricing, advanced disposal fees, and product standards substantially reduces total material consumption and enhances material recovery, leading to a notable reduction in emissions. The analysis of material cost savings, surplus allocation, and social welfare also shows the advantages of such a policy package compared to individual policy instruments.

中文翻译：

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没有人为所有人做决定 — 为闭合材料循环制定激励措施和政策建模


本文介绍了一个分析模型，该模型描述了制造业、消费者和废物管理部门在闭合材料循环方面的激励措施。为了解决已确定的市场失灵问题，以欧盟 PET 市场为例，对各种政策工具进行了理论和数值评估。评估表明，由碳定价、预期处置费和产品标准组成的一揽子政策大大降低了总材料消耗并提高了材料回收率，从而显着减少了排放。对材料成本节约、盈余分配和社会福利的分析也表明，与单个政策工具相比，这种政策包的优势。